muscle tissue and muscles

Question 1

types of muscle activity (3)

Answer 1

motor actions (movement of skeletal sys)
contractions of the heart and vessels
actions in the intestines

Question 2

Types of contraction (2)

Answer 2

isometric

isotonic

Question 3

define isometric

Answer 3

length of muscle does not change

Question 4

define isotonic

Answer 4

length of muscle does change

Question 5

muscle gets shorter

Answer 5

concentric

Question 6

muscle gets longer

Answer 6

eccentric

Question 7

names of muscles: shape (2)

Answer 7

deltoid

trapezius

Question 8

names of muscles: origin-insertion (2)

Answer 8

coracobrachialis

sternocleidomastoid

Question 9

names of muscles: function (2)

Answer 9

pronator teres

extensor digitorum

Question 10

names of muscles: relative size (2)

Answer 10

adductor magnus
adductor brevis (thight)

Question 11

names of muscles: fiber arrangement (2)

Answer 11

rectus abdominis

rectus cervicus

Question 12

names of muscles: location (2)

Answer 12

pectoralis
latissimus dorsi (wide back)

Question 13

fiber arrangement: rectus abdominis

Answer 13

straight

Question 14

fiber arrangement: biceps brachii

Answer 14

fusiform

Question 15

fiber arrangement: palmar interosseous muscles

Answer 15

unipennate

Question 16

fiber arrangement: dorsal interosseous muscles

Answer 16

bipennate

Question 17

fiber arrangement: deltoid muscle

Answer 17

multipennate

Question 18

agonist

Answer 18

muscle doing the desired action

Question 19

antagonist

Answer 19

muscle that opposes the agonist

Question 20

synergist

Answer 20

muscle that eliminates unwanted action by the agonist

Question 21

fixator

Answer 21

muscle that stabilizes base of attachment of agonist

Question 22

unijoint

Answer 22

muscle that crosses only one joint

Question 23

multi-joint

Answer 23

muscle that crosses more than one joint

Question 24

insufficiency

Answer 24

inability of a multi-joint muscle to contract maximally over all joints crossed simultaneously

Question 25

agonist muscles are classified as

Answer 25

prime movers and assistant movers

Question 26

when a muscle acts as a stabilizer, it usually contracts...

Answer 26

isometrically

Question 27

a pure NEUTRALIZER...

Answer 27

will cause the opposite motion of the prime mover without assisting in the movement

Question 28

MULTI-JOINT muscles do not allow...

Answer 28

complete range of motion in all joints at one time

Question 29

muscles that pass anterior to the axis of a joint are flexors like (2)

Answer 29

deltoid | biceps

Question 30

muscles that pass posterior to the axis of a joint are extensors like (2)

Answer 30

deltoid | triceps

Question 31

muscles that pass lateral to a joint are abductors like (1)

Answer 31

deltoid

Question 32

active insufficiency apples to

Answer 32

agonist

Question 33

passive insufficiency applies to

Answer 33

antagonist/multi-joint muscles

Question 34

Appearance of muscle tissue can be (2)

Answer 34

smooth | striated

Question 35

Arrangement of muscle tissue nucleus//nuclei can be

Answer 35

multinucleated (syncytium) | mononucleated

Question 36

Fcn of muscle tissue can be

Answer 36

voluntary | involuntary

Question 37

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 37

skeletal (striated) smooth cardiac

Question 38

skeletal muscle aka (2) | characteristics (3)

Answer 38

striated voluntary peripheral nuclei multinucleated conducts action potential

Question 39

smooth muscle aka (2)

Answer 39

visceral | involuntary

Question 40

aponeuroses

Answer 40

flat, fan-shaped tendons typically giving rise to other tendons

Question 41

tendons characteristics (5)

Answer 41

``` attach btwn muscle fibers and bone dense collagenous connective tissue surrounded by peritendineum bundles of collagen fibers poorly vascularized ```

Question 42

myofilament: types (2) and oranized into...

Answer 42

myosin and actin. Organized into sarcomeres

Question 43

myofibril

Answer 43

chain of sarcomeres

Question 44

myofiber

Answer 44

bundle of myofibrils aka muscle cell

Question 45

fascicle

Answer 45

bundle of myofibers

Question 46

muscle

Answer 46

composed of varying numbers of fascicles

Question 47

endomysium (2)

Answer 47

surrounds each muscle fiber | lies outside sarcolemma (cell membrane)

Question 48

perimysium

Answer 48

surrounds each fascicle

Question 49

epimysium (3)

Answer 49

surrounds each muscle becomes continuous with tendons attached to periosteum

Question 50

actin associated molecules (2)

Answer 50

tropomyosin | troponin

Question 51

actin characteristic (2)

Answer 51

thin filamentous protein polymer (f-actin) | made up of 2 helically wound polymers of G actin

Question 52

myosin characteristics (3)

Answer 52

bundles of long molecules heads attach to binding sites on actin filaments attach-swivel-release cycles = contraction

Question 53

separate adjacent sarcomeres in a fibril | composed of z-actin

Answer 53

z-line

Question 54

make up ends of each sarcomere located on either side of z-line composed entirely of actin

Answer 54

i-band

Question 55

located in middle of sarcomere composed of both actin and myosin does not change width during contraction

Answer 55

a-band

Question 56

the mass of a myofiber and a muscle may be...

Answer 56

increased

Question 57

structure of a sarcomere

Answer 57

sarcoplasmic reticulum t-tubules cisternae

Question 58

conduct action potential from cell membrane surface to interior

Answer 58

t-tubule

Question 59

release calcium ions in response to action potential

Answer 59

cisternae

Question 60

during a contraction (2)

Answer 60

I band and H band shorten | A band remains the same length

Question 61

Sliding occurs when...

Answer 61

ATPase heads of myosin attach to actin via troponin and swivel

Question 62

Calcium ions trigger...

Answer 62

these ions trigger sliding of myosin and actin filaments resulting in contraction

Question 63

in middle of each a-band composed entirely of myosin band width changes during contraction

Answer 63

h-band

Question 64

units for fine control have...

Answer 64

fewer fibers

Question 65

units for gross control have...

Answer 65

many fibers

Question 66

myofiber type is determined by...

Answer 66

innervating neuron

Question 67

red fibers

Answer 67

dark, slow fibers

Question 68

white fibers

Answer 68

light, fast fibers

Question 69

muscles predominantly composed of dark fibers

Answer 69

soleus

Question 70

muscles predominantly composed of light fibers

Answer 70

gastrocnemius

Question 71

dark, slow fibers (6)

Answer 71

``` fatigue resistant contract slowly (slow twitch) rely on oxidative phosphorylation large number of mitochondria high conc of myoglobin (red) low conc of ATPase ```

Question 72

light, fast fibers (6)

Answer 72

``` fatigue easily contact rapidly (fast twitch) rely of glycolysis small number of mitochondria low conc of myoglobin (white) high conc of ATPase ```