Exam #4 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
what is the taxonomy hierarchy
A
Kingdom - animalia
Phylum - Chordates
Class - mammals
order- Primates
Family
Genus
Species
2
Q
every species has 2 __
A
two names
3
Q
what is the order of the 2 names
A
Genus + Specific Epithet (last name)
4
Q
what is the humans species name?
A
Homo sapiens
5
Q
WHAT are the 6 kingdoms of life? which one should be split?
A
animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archae,
protists is split
6
Q
who studies Animals -
A
zoology/zoologists
7
Q
who studies plants
A
botanist/botony
8
Q
who studies fungi
A
mycologists mycology
9
Q
who studies Protists
A
protozoologists/ protozoology
10
Q
who studies bacteria and archae
A
microbiology/ microbiologits
11
Q
what is included in Kingdom Fungi (4)
Saprotrophic?
A
-mushrroms
Yeats
peneciillun
-mold rusts and smuts
they break down dead stuff
12
Q
Plants divisions are__
A
mostly multi-cellular
photosynthetic
13
Q
humans are
A
chordates
14
Q
The animal phylum 9
A
- Phylum Porifera - Sponges
- ” Cnidaria - jellyfish, corals, hydra, sea anome
- Playtihelminthes- flatworms, tapeworms, planarians, and flukes
- Nematoda - dog heartworm, intestinal parasites
- Annelida - segmented worms” earthworms, leaches
- Mollusca - clams, snails, octopus
- Arthropoda - insects, crustaceans
- echinodermata - sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins
- chordates: vertebras(us), lancelets, sea squirts
15
Q
DIFFERENCE btw primitive vs advanced
A
prim: came 1st
adv: came later
16
Q
difference btw specialized vs generalized
A
spec: do something really well only that things
gen: (us) we eat anything adapt to anything
17
Q
levles of orginaztion (4) CTOO
A
cellular - tissue - organs - organ systems
18
Q
what are the 3 animal architecture
A
bilateral symmetry (humans)
radial symmetry (coral)
asymmetry (sponge)
19
Q
Bilater symmetry allows for__
A
cephalization
20
Q
cephalization
A
brain, head all sensory organized in one place
21
Q
what are the 3 germ layers
A
Ectoderm
Meso derm
Endoderm
22
Q
Ectoderm
A
Nervous system (brain, spine)
23
Q
Mesoderm
A
Skeleton, muscle
24
Q
endoderm
A
digestive, respitory
25
how many tissues layers do we start with in the beginning of evolution? (sponges)
0
26
How many do humans have
3
27
Once we see the development of the 3 germ layers, animals are further classified according to______they posses
body cavity
28
What are the three types of body cavities?
ACOElomate
PSEUDOElomate
COELOMATE
29
Acoelomate
no body cavity
30
Psuedocelomate
not a true coelomate because it is lined in the mesoderm and the endoderm
31
Coelomate
True coelomate (humans) every phylum lined completely in mesoderms
32
How many germ layers must there be to consider coelom status?
3
33
What happens when the unfertilized a sperm goes in?
the surrounding 'shell' is popped
34
What is the morula and blastula stage? what comes first?
Morula: solid ball (64 cells) -1st
Blastula: it has has divided so much it looks small and turns into a hollow ball. -2nd1
35
Gastrula stage: what is the place called inside the gastrocel? EX:
Archenteron-space
(esophagus, stomach)
36
Gatrula stage: What is the opening to the archenteron called? EX:
blastopore
anus/mouth
37
what is the order of all baby stage
-unfertilized egg
-fertilized egg(zygotę)
-2 cells
4 cells
8
16 (morula)
blastula
gastrula
38
examples of protostomes (4)
roundworms
annelids
molluscs
arthropods
39
examples of Deutorosomes 2
echinoderms
chordates (includes verterbrates (us) starfish
40
what. is the 1st difference btw proto and deutro. Which one is us
Proto: Blastopore develops mouth
deutro: Blaster develops anus (us)
41
what. is the 2nd difference btw proto and deutro.
Proto: spiral cleavage ( never aligned)
Deutro: Radial cleavage (Rubik's cube 4D)
42
what. is the 3rd difference btw proto and deutro.
Protosome: determinate (needs all cells to work)
Deutro: Inderterminate (can grow a whole new organ until 64 cells)
43
Invertebrates v. Vertebrates
Inter= no backbones
vertebrates= backbones
44
Invertebrates (no backbone) examples (8)
sponges
cnidrians
flatworms
roundworms
segmented worms
molluscs
arthropods
echinoderms
45
Vertebrates (backbone) example: (5)
fishes
amphiblinas
reptiles
birds
mammals
46
how are invertebrates/ vertebrates order
cells ----- tissues-------Organs
47
# of tissue layers
Phylum Porifera:
Example
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
Digestive System
# of tissues of layers
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissue: N/A
Ex: Sponges
Symmetry: asymmetric
cell:
Digestive System: no mouth/anus
# of tissue layers: 0
Coelom status: N/A
Proto/Deutro: N/A
48
# of tissue layers
Phylum Porifera: Cnidaria
Example: 5
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
Digestive System
# of tissue layers
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissues layers: 2 layers
Ex: jellyfish, corals, hydra, sea anome, portugurse man-o war
Symmetry: radial
- tissues
Digestive System: mouth only
# of tissue layers: 2 layers
Coelom status: N/A
Proto/Deutro: N/A
49
what makes Cnidaria unique?
Polyp (one by one go off) ----- medusa (free swimming) = alteration of generation
50
Cnidaria. unique characterisic
cnidocyte (stinging cell)
51
# of tissue layers
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Example: 3
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
# of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissue layers: 2 layers
Ex: Planarians, tapeworms, Flukes
Symmetry: Bilateral
- ORGANS
Digestive System: mouth only
# of tissue of layers: 3
Coelom status: acelomate
Proto/Deutro: n/A not complete digestive system
52
# of tissue layers
Phylum Nematoda
Example: 1
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
# of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissue of layers: 3
Ex: Roundworms
Symmetry: Bilateral
- ORGANS
# of tissue of layers: 3
Digestive System: mouth/anus
Coelom status: pseudoeclamote
Proto/Deutro: protostome
53
# of tissue layers
Phylum Annelida
Example: 4
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
#of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissue of layers: 3
Ex: earthworms, leeches bristle and sandworts
Symmetry: Bilateral
- ORGANS
Digestive System: mouth/anus
# of tissue layers: 3
Coelom status: euloceclamote
Proto/Deutro: protostome
54
Phylum Mollusca
Example: 7
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
#of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
# of tissue layers: 3
Ex: chitones, tusk shells, snails/slugs, bivates, octopus/squid, cuttlefish, nautiles
Symmetry: Bilateral
- ORGANS
Digestive System: mouth/anus
Coelom status: euloeclamote
Proto/Deutro: protostome
55
what does the Molluscan body plan secrete
she'll
56
what makes the Phylum Mollusca unique
viceral mass what makes up body
57
Phylum arthropoda characteristics
Example:
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
#of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Proto/ Deutoro
Ex: classes
Symmetry: Bilateral
- ORGANS
Digestive System: mouth/anus
Coelom status: eucoeclamote
Proto/Deutro: protostome
58
what unites all Arthropods? (2)
-exosceleton
jointed appendages
59
what were the arthropods first in?
flight
60
what are the six classes of arthropods?
- xiphosura
- arachnida
-Insecta
-Crustacea
-chilopoda
-diplopoda
61
What are some examples of the Xiphosura? (2)
sea spiders and Horshoe crabs
62
what are some examples for Arachnida? (5)
ticks, spiders, scorpions, mites and harvestman
63
class insecta examples (5)
mosquitos, butterflies, moths, wasps, ants
64
what are some examples of Class crustacea? (4)
crabs, shrimp, barnacles, crayfish
65
what are some examples of class Chilopoda? (1)
Centipedes
66
what are some examples of class Diplopoda? (1)
millipedes
67
Phylum Echinodermata
Example: 4
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
#of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Deut/proto:
Example: sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, sea
urchins
Symmetry: radial
Cell/Tissue/Organ: organ
#of tissue layers: 3
Digestive System: mouth/Anus
Coelom Status: Eucoelomate
Detour/Proto: Deutrosome
68
what is unique to thePhylum Echinodermata?
Water vascualar system (locomotion, attachment, respiration, food acquisition)
69
Phylum Chordata
Example:
Symmetry
Cell/Tissue/Organ
#of tissue layers
Digestive System
Coelom Status
Deut/proto:
Example: classes
Symmetry: Bilateral
Cell/Tissue/Organ: organ
#of tissue layers: 3
Digestive System: mouth/Anus
Coelom Status: eucelomate
Deut/proto: Deuterosome
70
What are the phylum Chordata unique characteristics (4)
- vertabretes
-single dorsal (back) hollow (space in the middle) nerve cord.
- pharyngeal slits( gills) at some time in dvp
-post-and tail (behind anus)
71
what is the subphylum vertebrate mean?
animals with backbones
72
Science of Vertebrate Zoology; what is the name of the field? Fish
ichthyology
73
Science of Vertebrate Zoology; what is the name of the field? Amphibians/ reptiles
herpetology
74
Science of Vertebrate Zoology; what is the name of the field? mammals
mammology
75
Science of Vertebrate Zoology; what is the name of the field? birds
ornithology
76
what are the 7 classes of vertebrates
-class Agnatha
-Chondrichthyes
-osteichthyes
-amphibia
-reptila:
Mamilia &
Aves
77
class Agnatha examples (2)
Characteristics (3)
Lampreys and hagfish
-seven pairs of gill pouches
-no scales
-no paired appendages
78
Class Chondrithyes examples(4)
Characteristics (6)
rays, skates, sharks, ratfish
1. cartilage skeleton (don't have bones)
2. paired appendages (fins)
3. respiration by gills
4. ectothermic (same temp as surrounding)
5. tooth-like scales
6. lay eggs & live birth
79
Class Osteichythes examples(5)
Characteristics (6)
parrotfish, flounder pinkfrogfish, pufferfish, salmon
1. bony skeleton
2. breathes using gills
3. ectothermic
4. has fins
5. skins with scales
6. lay eggs and live birth
80
Class Amphibia examples(3)
Characteristics (6)
frogs, salamanders, and caecilians
1. bony skeleton
2. paired appendages
- fins (larvae)
- Legs (adults)
3. respiration by gills (larvae) and lungs (adults) and skin
4. ectothermic
5. skin with glands but no scales or claws
6. lay eggs (no amnion/ no water source) so they have to lay eggs in water. Live bearers (caecilians and salamanders)`
81
what is the reproduction stage for amphibia? 3
egg - tadpole - adult
82
what makes the class amphibia unique?
Metamorphose (tadpole stage)
83
Class reptiles examples (6)
characteristics (6)
tuatara, turtles, crocodiles, amphisbaenids, lizards, snakes
1. bony skeleton
2. paired appendages (no snakes)
3. respiration by lungs
4. ectothermic (not snakes in snow)
5. skin with scales and claws
6. lay eggs and live birth
84
do class reptiles needs H20 (amniotic) to give birth
no
85
what are the examples of snake contractors
anaconda and pyhton
86
class aves examples (1)
characteristics(6)
birds
1. bony skeleton
2. paired appendages (legs and wings)
3. respiration by lungs
4 endothermic
5. skin with feathers and claws
6. lay eggs (no live birth)
87
what makes the class aves unique? 2
no other has feather
no life births
88
Class mammals characteristics (7)
1. bony skeleton
2. paired appendages
3. respiration by lungs
4. endothermic
5. skin with hair nails/claws
6. mamary glands
7. live birth (lay eggs only in one group, platypus)
89
what makes the class mammals unique 2
- no other group has hair
- feed baby from mammry glanads
90
what is the evolutionary sequence for mammals 3
monotremes
marsupials
placenta mammals (us)
91
Monotremes examples (2)
characteristics (2)
duck billed platypus, spiny anteater
1. egg-laying
2. milk secretion diffuse over belly
92
Marsupials examples (4)
characteristics 4)
unique (1)
kangaroos, koalas, possums, wallaby
1. born at early embryonic stage
2. crawl up into pouch (marsupium)
3. clamp onto nipple
4. finish dvp
always presents replaces baby
93
placental mammals exampeles (4)
characteristics ( 2)
sea otters, walrus, camels, some primates
1. embryo remains in uterus alonger time
2. nourishment of fetus via placenta and umbilical cord `
