Exam #6

Question 1

overall functions of the respiratory system (2)

Answer 1

uptake o2
remove carbon dioxide

Question 2

Mouth and nose

Answer 2

entry and exit for air

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

common passageway for food and air

Question 4

Larynx (2)

Answer 4

epiglottis
contains vocal records

Question 5

Larynx: epligottis (2)

Answer 5

cartilage flap covering glottis (opening to trachea)
prevents food from entering trachea

Question 6

Larynx: vocal chords

Answer 6

voicebox: produce sounds

Question 7

Trachea =

Answer 7

windpipe

Question 8

what supports the trachea

Answer 8

cartilage rings

Question 9

Cartilage rings (2)

Answer 9

mucus: traps matter and bacteria
cilia: sweep particle back to throat

Question 10

Bronchiole tree: 6

Answer 10

• trachea
  -1 bronchus
  -2 bronchs
  -3 brochus
  -bronchioles
  -alvelous

Question 11

Alveolus?

Answer 11

air sacs = gas exchange

Question 12

Pulmonary venue

Answer 12

flow of freshly oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 13

pulmonary arteriole

Answer 13

flow o2 depleted blood that has resturned to the heart

Question 14

mechanics of breathing =

Answer 14

negative pressure

Question 15

on average smokers die___

Answer 15

13 to 14 years sooner than nonsmokers

Question 16

second hand smoke ratio:

Answer 16

1.5 to 10

Question 17

effects of smoking ( 5)

Answer 17

immobilize cilia
increase mucus secretion
- inability to clear particles from lungs
- obstruct bronchiole tubes
Destroy macrophages (no defense)

Bronchioconstrictor - reduce airflow
vasoconstrictor- reduce blood flow

Question 18

health risks associated with smoking

Answer 18

lung cancer
bronchitis
emphysema

Question 19

lung cancer: Stat (2)

Answer 19

90 of 100 smokers who develop lung cancer will die from the disease

metastasis (spread is common)

Question 20

Bronchitis: 3

Answer 20

inflammation of airways
toxins irritate cells
scar tissue

Question 21

emphysema

Answer 21

-chronic bronchitis destroys avelor walls
-reduces surface for gas exchange
-affects 1.3 million pople in US

Question 22

women issues and smoking (2)

Answer 22

increase in premature and stillborn
increase SIDS

Question 23

what greatly increases these risks in women?

Answer 23

smoking and using contraceptives

Question 24

heart disease stats

Answer 24

cardiac death 2 to 4 times more likely in smokers than in non-smokers

Question 25

nicotine? (3)

Answer 25

vasoconstriction -decrease o2 supply to heart - increase blood pressure

Question 26

what hormone makes it adicting

Answer 26

dopamine!

Question 27

heimlich maneuver?

Answer 27

procedure to remove an obstruction

Question 28

what is ovulation?

Answer 28

egg releases ovaries are out in the ceolum

Question 29

where does fertilization happen?

Answer 29

uterus

Question 30

what is the hierarchy for a baby

Answer 30

-hypo -pituitary gland -ovares -uterus

Question 31

oogenesis?

Answer 31

meiosis in females (formation of haploid eggs)

Question 32

Oogesnis what is its function

Answer 32

specialized cell division that occurs in the reproductive organ (ovary) to form gametes (=eg)

Question 33

mitosis v meiosis?

Answer 33

mitosis: replace or grow cells meiosis: baby

Question 34

ratio for mitosis

Answer 34

1-2

Question 35

ratio for meiosis

Answer 35

1-4

Question 36

in meiosis what. is the reason why we look different from family?

Answer 36

crossing over: genes are mixed up

Question 37

reproductive stage 3

Answer 37

oogonia primary oocyte secondary oocyte - polar body

Question 38

oogonia 3

Answer 38

- stem cells for eggs -2n -fetus only 5-6m million

Question 39

primary oocyte

Answer 39

-2n -baby around 2 million

Question 40

primary oocyte: at puberty?

Answer 40

around 400, 000 left, when ovulate around 400 (then out of eggs = menopause)

Question 41

when does meisos begin

Answer 41

primary oocyte

Question 42

when does M1 finish

Answer 42

at ovulation

Question 43

secondary oocyte

Answer 43

1n ovum (haploid)

Question 44

polar body

Answer 44

genetic trash

Question 45

what is the ratio of mother cell and functional daughter cells

Answer 45

1-1

Question 46

Menstrual cycle

Answer 46

all about preparing an egg for ovulation while at the same time getting the uterus ready to receive it

Question 47

period heiracy and what do they produce

Answer 47

hypothalamus (GnRH) pituitary (LH/FSH) ovary estro/proge uterus

Question 48

FSH?

Answer 48

follicle stiumualting hormaone down to ovary to form follicle

Question 49

LH?

Answer 49

makes it ovulate to release egg

Question 50

what happens in the FSH stage? 4

Answer 50

stimulates oogenesis(formation of new egg) stimulates follicle growth and dvp -ovary (follicle) secretes estro endometrial thickening (uterus) -

Question 51

what happens in the LH stage

Answer 51

ovulation (release 2 oocyte) 2. corpus lute (foliate that ovulated) formation and maintnece 3. ovary (CL) secretes estro and proges 4. more thickening

Question 52

what happens when there is more thickening?

Answer 52

estro and progre shut down FSH and LH release from the pituitary gland

Question 53

because lH releases what keep the corpus lute stay together

Answer 53

HCG human chronic gontrapi hormone

Question 54

twins ?

Answer 54

two ovary are forming at the same time

Question 55

difference btw fraternal and identical

Answer 55

identical: forming in a single zygote with no crossing frat: in separate placentas with crossing