Exam 4 Flashcards by Aaron Fregoso

What disorder may occur in children who have a viral illness (flu, chicken pox) and take aspirin? What may occur as a result of this condition?

Reye Syndrome
swelling of brain and liver, vomiting, confusion, seizures, coma and death

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What are the therapeutic uses of aspirin?

reduce fever/inflammation, relieve pain, prevent platelet aggregation, and prophylactic usage (81 mg of baby aspirin)

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What are symptoms of salicylism (aspirin toxicity)?

tinnitus, dizziness, sweating, fever

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What are the effects of ibuprofen?

GI injury, hepatotoxicity/nephrotoxicity
N/V, prolonged bleeding

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What drug class are naloxone and naltrexone?

opioid antagonists

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What adverse effects may occur with naloxone?

withdrawal symptoms (pain comes back full force), drowsiness, decreased respirations

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What are the indications for fentanyl (opioid analgesic)?

surgical analgesia, chronic pain control, and
control of breakthrough pain

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What are the indications for naloxone?

harmful respiratory depression, unconsciousness from opioid analgesics

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What medications are 1st line effective in acute migraines?

triptans

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What medication helps treat migraines by constricting blood vessels and
suppressing inflammation?

triptans

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When should triptans first be taken?

when migraine is first sense (many patients know when a migraine is approaching)

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When can the second dose of a triptan be taken?

2hrs after first dose, if symptoms have persisted

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After taking a triptan medication for migraine, what should the patient do?

lie down in dark, quiet room

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What is the overdose treatment for acetaminophen?

-Administer oral or IV acetylcysteine
within 8 hours of ingestion
-Gastric lavage within 4 hrs
of ingestion

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What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen for an individual with a healthy liver?

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What is the max daily dose of Tylenol per day for individuals who have 3 or more alcoholic drinks?

2g/day

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What medication can be used to treat diabetic gastroparesis, nausea, and vomiting by increasing the rate of gastric emptying?

metoclopramide

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How does metoclopramide have an antiemetic (cancels nausea/vomiting) effect?

blocks dopamine receptors

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What are the indications for psyllium husk (bulk forming laxative)?

diarrhea in pt w/diverticulosis or IBS, control stool in those w/ ileostomy/colostomy, and to promote defecation in older adults

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What education should be provided to those taking psyllium husk?

high fiber diet, 2-3L/day, and exercise

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Who should avoid psyllium husk? Why?

pt w/history of difficulty swallowing due to the risk for an esophageal obstruction

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What kind of drugs are hydroxyzine, scopolamine, and dramamine?

antihistamines/anticholinergics

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What are possible effects of antihistamines?

can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t poop
sedation, dizziness, fatigue

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What are antihistamine drugs contraindicated?

pt w/BPH due to the risk of urinary retention

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What patient teaching should be provided with scopolamine?

place patch behind ear 4hr before motion-sickness inducing activity, can leave for up to 3 days

What general patient education should be provided for antihistamine drugs?

eye drops, hard candy, fluid, fiber, and exercise, hydrate, avoid being in intense sun/heat (they arent sweating)

What kind of medications are bisacodyl, castor oil, and senna?

stimulant laxatives

When are laxatives contraindicated?

bowel obstruction

What is an expected side effect of senna, a stimulant laxative?

reddish/brown urine

When should stimulant laxatives be taken?

at bedtime

What kind of laxative is docusate sodium?

surfactant laxative (stool softener)

How does docusate sodium (surfactant laxative/stool softener) work?

increased the amount of water the stool absorbs in the intestines, making it softer/easier to pass

What are examples of osmotic laxatives?

miralax (polyethylene glycol) golytely (polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution) and lactulose

What are potential complications for saline or osmotic laxatives (miralax, golytely, lactulose, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate)?

dehydration, hypermagnesemia, and sodium retention

What kind of laxatives are magnesium hydroxide and magnesium citrate?

saline laxatives

True or false: Bowel movements must occur daily.

false

What is generic name for Phenergan?

promethazine

What are the indications for promethazine?

N/V, need for sedation,

What is the indication for sucralfate?

GI ulcers

How does sucralfate work?

protecting the ulcer by coating the ulcer

What would indicate sucralfate is effective?

reduced pain

When is misoprostol used?

treatment of NSAID-induced ulcer

What pregnancy category is misoprostol?

Category X

What is the primary contraindication of misoprostol?

pregnancy

How does misoprostol treat GI ulcers?

increases mucin release, reducing acid secretion -protects lining, repairs ulcer

What type of drug is famotidine (pepcid) and cimetidine?

H2 Receptor Blocker

What drug interaction may occur with cimetidine or famotidine (H2 Receptor antagonists)?

decreases the effectiveness of warfarin, by reducing metabolism

How are proton pump inhibitors recognized?

-prazole omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole

When are proton pump inhibitors used?

ulcers, erosive esophagitis, reflux

How do PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) work?

reducing acid secretion

What are some potential short term effects of omeprazole?

headache, diarrhea, n/v

What are potential effects with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (-prazole)?

osteoporosis & fractures, rebound acid hypersecretion, hepatotoxicity, pneumonia, hypomagnesemia

What effects may occur with bethanechol chloride (urinary stimulant)?

SLUDGES, overdose

What medication is often used to decrease urinary incontinence in those with OAB (overactive bladder)?

oxybutnin

What medication may be prescribed to combat pain, burning or discomfort related to UTI?

phenazopyridine

What reactions may occur with phenazopyridine?

hepatitis, acute renal failure, and hemolytic anemia (very low RBC)

Because it depresses the CNS, what precautions should those taking promethazine be placed on?

fall precautions

What medications should not used while taking potassium chloride supplements?

ACE inhibitors (-pril) and K+Sparing Diuretics (spironolactone)

What would sumatriptan be prescribed for?

abort a migraine

What medication does APAP refer to?

acetaminophen

What should be administered for pts with a RR <10 who are taking an opioid?

naloxone

Why would docusate be prescribed for someone taking an opioid?

to prevent constipation

What may someone who has an opioid tolerance require?

increase dose

What may ketorolac (NSAID)cause?

Kidney damage

Exam 4 Flashcards

(65 cards)