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Pharmacology-NRSE-3010-001 > Exam 4 part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 4 part 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

What type of statement related to phenazopyridine would indicate need for further teaching? Why?

A

“this is used to kill bacteria related to my UTI”
it ONLY treats UTI symptoms (burning, frequency, urgency)

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2
Q

What color urine is an expected effect of phenazopyridine hydrochloride (UTI symptoms drug)?

A

reddish/orange urine

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3
Q

What medication may be expected to decrease incontinent episodes related to OAB (overactive bladder)?

A

oxybutynin

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4
Q

What are the indications for bethanechol chloride?

A

nonobstructive urinary retention

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5
Q

What medication used for nonobstructive urinary retention may cause SLUDGES?

A

bethanechol chloride

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6
Q

What is the maximum rate for potassium chloride?

A

10 mEq/hr

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7
Q

What specific equipment should be used in the monitoring of a patient receiving potassium?

A

EKG/telemetry

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of HYPOkalemia?

A

flat/inverted T wave/presence of U wave, muscle weakness/cramps, GI issues

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of HYPERkalemia?

A

paresthesia, cardiac issues, and GI issues

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10
Q

What may absence of DTR (deep tendon reflexes) & respiratory depression/cardiac issues indicate for an individual receiving magnesium sulfate?

A

overdose of magnesium sulfate

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11
Q

What is the treatment for overdose of magnesium sulfate?

A

IV calcium gluconate
(furosemide may be given to promote magnesium secretion for those w/adequate kidney function)

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12
Q

What population is commonly encouraged to take folic acid supplements (vitamin B9)? Why?

A

women of child bearing age
prevents neural tube defects

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13
Q

What folate-rich foods can be encouraged for those where folic acid is indicated?

A

okra, spinach, asparagus, liver, seeds, OJ, dried peas/beans

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14
Q

What should we encourage people to take 3 months prior to getting pregnant and throughout during of pregnancy and then while breastfeeding?

A

folic acid supplements

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15
Q

How can teeth staining be prevented in those taking iron?

A

drink through a straw

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16
Q

What is common with stool appearance in those receiving iron supplements?

A

dark green/black appearance

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17
Q

What iron-rich foods can the nurse encourage those who require supplements to increase?

A

tofu, green leafy vegetables, egg yolks

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18
Q

What should be avoided by those receiving iron supplementation?

A

coffee, tea (caffeine), dairy, antacids

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19
Q

What should be consumed to increase the absorption of iron?

A

Vitamin C (orange juice or citrus fruits)

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20
Q

What effects may occur from taking iron?

A

teeth staining, staining of skin, anaphylaxis (IV), hypotension (IV), fatal iron toxicity in children, GI distress

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21
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors work
(-prazole)?

A

reducing acid secretion

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22
Q

Due to the potential of osteoporosis development in those who are taking long-term PPIs (proton pump inhibitors), what test should individuals be encouraged to receive?

A

bone density screenings

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23
Q

What short term effects may occur with taking omeprazole?

A

headache, diarrhea, n/v

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24
Q

What effects may occur with taking pantoprazole long-term?

A

pneumonia, osteoporosis/fractures, rebound acid hypersecretion, hepatotoxicity, HYPOmagnesemia

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25
What should be avoided while taking a PPI (esomeprazole)?
smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs
26
What medication may be indicated in the treatment of erosive esophagitis (r/t to GERD) and ulcers?
proton pump inhibitors (-prazole)
27
What medication may utilized in the treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers?
misoprostol (mucosal protectant)
28
What is the contraindication for misoprostol?
Pregnancy Category X
29
What medication protects stomach lining/aids in ulcer repair by increasing bicarbonate & mucin secretion and reducing acid secretion?
misoprostol
30
What type of drugs are cimetidine and famotidine?
H2 receptor blockers
31
What drugs can be expected to have a decreased effectiveness while taking H2 blockers (cimetidine and famotidine)?
warfarin, phenytoin, lidocaine
32
What dietary/consumption education should be provided for a patient prescribed famotidine for GERD?
avoid spicy food, caffeine, don't lay after eating, eat on regular schedule, no smoking/alcohol, no NSAID (except prophylactic 81mg baby aspirin)
33
What medication is used to alleviate pain in duodenal ulcers by coating the mucosa/protecting the ulcer?
sucralfate
34
What are contraindications for antacids?
GI perforation, obstruction, and abdominal pain
35
When are antacids given?
heart burn, GERD, indigestion
36
What type of medications are loperamide and diphenoxylate?
antidiarrheals
37
What medication can be used for travelers diarrhea or IBS?
loperamide
38
What statement from a nurse would indicate need for further teaching about the indications of diphenoxylate w/atropine? Why?
"used for C.diff" because you don't want them to take an antidiarrheal as it will keep the C.diff in them; however it is used for severe diarrhea
39
What symptoms should those taking promethazine (Phenergan) report?
extrapyramidal symptoms (restlessness, anxiety, spasms of face/neck)
40
Because extravasation is a risk with IV promethazine, what should the nurse teach the patient to report?
iv site pain, blistering, black skin
41
When is promethazine given?
N/V
42
When is lactulose (osmotic laxative) used?
prevention and treatment of portal-systemic encephalopathy by decreasing ammonia levels
43
When is polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution used?
bowel prep for surgery/ colonoscopy
44
What MUST the patient increase while taking magnesium hydroxide or mag. citrate (saline laxatives)?
fluids
45
The function of which system should be monitored closely in those taking magnesium hydroxide/citrate?
renal function (magnesium puts increased stress on the kidneys)
46
Why should the nurse assess skin turgor, daily weights, and I&O's with those taking a saline laxative (magnesium hydroxide/citrate)?
major risk for dehydration
47
How should the nurse educate client to prevent constipation?
increase fluid (2L/day), fiber (bran flakes, fruits, vegetables), and exercise (1x/day)
48
What type of medication is docusate sodium?
surfactant laxative
49
How does docusate sodium work?
increasing water/electrolytes in intestinal lumen and softening stool by promoting penetration of water
50
What medication may be given to prevent painful elimination/straining in those w/MI, constipation in pregnancy/opioid use, and fecal impaction in immobile pts?
docusate sodium
51
What should be avoided while taking enteric coated stimulant laxatives (bisacodyl)?
milk and antacids bc they destroy the enteric coating
52
What is expected of urine with senna (stimulant laxative)?
red/brown urine
53
What time of day should senna and bisacodyl be taken?
bedtime to produce results the following morning
54
Why should chronic use be avoided with bisacodyl/senna/castor oil?
may cause dependence as well as fluid/electrolyte imbalances
55
Who should avoid taking antihistamines/anticholinergics (hydroxyzine, scopolamine, doxylamine)?
those with BPH (due to risk of urinary retention) and pts w/glaucoma
56
What effects may occur with scopolamine?
can't see, pee, spit, poop
57
What may be prescribed for morning sickness in pregnant people?
doxylamine + pyridoxine (B6)
58
Why is it important for the nurse to assess pts ability to swallow with psyllium husk (bulk forming laxative)?
risk for esophageal obstruction as an effect
59
What MUST the patient increase while taking psyllium husk?
fluid intake (2-3L/day)
60
Metoclopramide may be used for?
chemo-induced N/V, diabetic gastroparesis, GERD
61
What medication may be used in diabetic gastroparesis because it promotes gastric emptying?
metoclopramide
62
When is naloxone given?
opioid overdose (CNS/respiratory depression)
63
What medications are highly effective for acute migraines?
triptans
64
How do triptans treat migraines?
constrict blood vessels and suppressing inflammation
65
After taking a triptan med for migraine what should the pt do?
lay down in a dark/quiet room
66
What is IV acetylcysteine used for?
treatment for overdose of acetaminophen within 8hrs of ingestion
67
What is the max daily dose of acetaminophen for those with a healthy liver?
4g/day
68
What are the indication for a max daily dose of 2g for acetaminophen?
3 or more alcoholic drinks
69
What medication is preferred for pain in children and used for fever/minor pain and mild to moderate musculoskeletal pain?
acetaminophen
70
Who can press a PCA button?
ONLY the patient
71
What actions should the nurse take if a patient receiving a PCA pump presents w/symptoms of overdose?
1. stop pump (or basal dose will admin) 2. administer naloxone 3. notify provider
72
What type of medications are allopurinol, colchicine, and probenecid?
antigout medications
73
Which antigout medication is given during an acute attack?
colchicine
74
Which antigout medications are given prophylactically?
allopurinol and probenecid
75
What foods should be avoided while taking allopurinol?
high purine (red meat, alcohol, scallops)
76
What is an expected effect of allopurinol?
metallic taste
77
What should those taking antigout meds avoid?
grapefruit juice, alcohol, scallops, red meat
78
The increased absorption of which drug is expected with aspirin?
warfarin
79
What may develop if a child with a viral illness takes aspirin?
Reye's syndrome
80
What condition are methotrexate, infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept used in?
RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
81
What should be taken with methotrexate to prevent stomatitis?
folic acid
82
What pregnancy category is methotrexate?
Category X
83
Which individuals should avoid NSAIDs?
GI issues/ulcers, heart problems, and kidney disease/dysfunction
84
What medication may be used in the treatment of sunburn, arthritis, tendonitis, or other moderate pain types?
NSAIDs (naproxen, ketorolac, meloxicam, ibuprofen)
85
What type of medications are meloxicam, ketorolac, and naproxen?
NSAIDs
86
Which NSAID is commonly used in the treatment of migraines?
naproxen
87
What is expected of the pupils for those taking morphine?
pin point pupils, myosis
88
What pregnancy category is aluminum hydroxide?
Category C
89
What type of antacid compound may cause diarrhea, hypermagnesemia, and should be avoided in kidney issues?
magnesium hydroxide
90
What type of antacid compound may likely cause constipation?
calcium
91
What may be an effect of sodium bicard (antacid compound)?
sodium retention (HTN/HF)
92
Who should not take antacids?
GI perforations, abd pain, bowel obstruction
93
How does metoclopramide work?
blocks dopamine receptors
94
What medication used to treat UTI symptoms may cause hemolytic anemia, a FALSE positive glucose urinalysis, hepatitis and renal failure?
phenazopyridine hydrochloride

Pharmacology-NRSE-3010-001 (12 decks)

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