EXAM 4 Flashcards
(36 cards)
when people feel empathy toward another person, they attempt to help that person purely for altruistic reasons
empathy-altruism hypothesis
form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree
negotiation
inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals
transformational leaders
people show preference to in-group members over out-group members
in-group favoritism
set clear, short-term goals and reward people who meet them
transaction leaders
the idea that social groups with altruistic members are more likely to survive in competition with others
group selection
the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future
norm of reciprocity
shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave
social roles
bystander’s sense of responsibility decreases when the amount of witnesses increases
diffusion of responsibility
the ability to experience vents/emotions the way another person experiences them
empathy
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving
process loss
people help when cost/benefit equation allows it
social exchange
the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations
altruistic personality
when the combined memory of a group is more efficient than the memory of its individual members
transactive memory
concerned more with getting the job done than with workers’ feelings and relationships
task-oriented leaders
helping is self-interested; end state is increasing helper’s own welfare
egoism
the more bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any of them are going to help the victim
bystander effect
two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals influence each other
group
groups with which they do not identify
out-groups
leadership effectiveness depends both on how task oriented or relationship oriented the leader is and on the amount of control and influence the leader has over the group
contingency theory of leadership
an outcome to a conflict whereby the parties make trade-offs on issues according to their different interests; each side concedes the most on issues that are unimportant to it but are important to the other side
integrative solution
prosocial behavior is not necessarily rooted in our genes
social exchange theory
tendency for people to do better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated
social facilitation
the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
altruism
