Exam 5 - upper limb -JB- pt 2 - slides 1-50

Question 1

Functionally related skeletal muscles of the limbs along with their associated blood vessels and nerves are grouped together by ___ into regions called compartments

Answer 1

Fascia

Question 2

Compartments are generally identified by their position or action of muscles:

Anterior, posterior, medial,

Superficial, deep

Flexor, extensor

Anterior (flexor), anterior (extensor), superficial anterior (flexor) etc

Answer 2

for reference

Question 3

Muscles of the arm are located in anterior and posterior compartments which are separated by fascial planes: (2)

Answer 3

Anterior Compartment

Posterior Compartment

Question 4

Muscles of the arm in anterior compartment

Answer 4

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 5

Muscles of the arm in posterior compartment

Answer 5

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Question 6

Muscles of the arm are supplied by branches of the ___ artery, which is the continuation of the ___ artery

Answer 6

Brachial

Axillary

Question 7

The ___ artery is used for taking arterial blood pressure in the arm using a BP cuff. The cuff compresses the ___ artery against the humerus, and occludes it

Answer 7

Brachial

Question 8

All muscles of the anterior compartment are innervated by the _____ nerve

Answer 8

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Question 9

Origin:
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

Answer 9

Biceps Brachii

Question 10

Insertion: tuberosity of radius (AKA radial tuberosity) and bicipital aponeurosis

Answer 10

Biceps Brachii

Question 11

Action: flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm (at radioulnar joint), and flexes arm at shoulder joint.
Additionally, it is a powerful supinator.

Answer 11

Biceps Brachii

Question 12

Biceps Brachii innervation:

Answer 12

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve

Question 13

Origin: humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Answer 13

Brachialis

Question 14

Action: flexes forearm at elbow joint (major flexor of elbow)

Answer 14

Brachialis

Question 15

Brachialis innervation

Answer 15

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 16

The biceps is most efficient in producing flexion when the elbow is flexed close to 90º and the forearm is _____

Answer 16

Supinated

Question 17

The biceps barely operates as a flexor when the forearm is ____.

Answer 17

Pronated

Question 18

The _____ is always the main flexor of the forearm regardless of pronation or supination, but has little assistance from the ____ during pronation

Answer 18

Brachialis

Biceps

Question 19

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: shaft of humerus

Answer 19

Coracobrachialis

Question 20

Action: flexes and adducts arm at the shoulder joint

Answer 20

Coracobrachialis

Question 21

Coracobrachilis innervation:

Answer 21

Musculocutaeous nerve

Question 22

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm are innervated by the:

Answer 22

Radial Nerve

Question 23

Origin 
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: humerus 
Medial head: humerus
Insertion: olecranon of ulna

Answer 23

Triceps Brachii

Question 24

Action: extends forearm at elbow joint, extends arm at shoulder joint

Answer 24

Triceps brachii

Question 25

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: olecranon of ulna

Answer 25

Anconeus

Question 26

Action: assists triceps in extending forearm at elbow joint and stabilizes elbow joint

Answer 26

Anconeus

Question 27

Artery (brachial) From teres major to cubital fossa Branches Profunda brachii Ulnar collaterals

Answer 27

Artery of Arm

Question 28

Veins Superficial: cephalic and basilic Deep: brachial veins

Answer 28

Vein of Arm

Question 29

Arterial branches of Arm: Branches ___ ___ Ulnar collaterals

Answer 29

Profunda Brachii

Question 30

The major arterial supply to the arm is from the brachial artery and its branches. The brachial artery is a continuation of the ____ ___, and extends from the lower border of the teres major to the lower part of the cubital fossa, where it terminates as the radial and ulnar arteries.

Answer 30

Axillary Artery

Question 31

The major branch of the brachial artery is the deep brachial artery (___ ___ artery) in the proximal arm.

Answer 31

Profunda Brachii

Question 32

The venous network of the upper limb includes - Superficial veins which are located ___. - Deep veins There are many connections between the superficial and deep systems of veins

Answer 32

Just below the skin

Question 33

-Deep veins Much deeper than superficial veins, and are protected by ___ and ___ Usually accompany arteries, and are named for the corresponding artery (example: brachial veins)

Answer 33

Muscle and bone

Question 34

The cephalic and basilic veins are located beneath the skin, and are superficial to the ___ ___ throughout much of their course.

Answer 34

Brachial Fascia

Question 35

There is substantial variation in the interconnection of the basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa. In some instances, the median cubital vein is very large, diverting most or all of the blood to the basilic vein, and the ___ ___ vein may be small or even absent

Answer 35

Superior Cephalic | slide 18

Question 36

Four main nerves pass through the arm and supply innervation to its structures:

Answer 36

Musculocutaneous Radial Median Ulnar

Question 37

Nerves of upper limb: | Two of these have no branches in the arm:

Answer 37

Median Ulnar

Question 38

The musculocutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus passes through the _____ and continues distally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles. It gives off branches to all three muscles.

Answer 38

Coracobrachialis slide 20

Question 39

Above the elbow the _____ nerve supplies muscles. Below the elbow it has cutaneous branches.

Answer 39

Musculocutaneous

Question 40

The musculocutaneous nerve terminates as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (AKA ___ ___ nerve of the forearm), and supplies a large area of the forearm.

Answer 40

Lateral Cutaneous

Question 41

The -___ nerve supplies all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm.

Answer 41

Radial

Question 42

The ___ nerve travels through the arm without giving off any branches (It does branch to supply the forearm and hand).

Answer 42

Median

Question 43

____ nerve also has no innervation to the arm… just passing through

Answer 43

Ulnar

Question 44

Review of the structures at the elbow..

Answer 44

Slide 26

Question 45

The ____ is formed by the coronoid process and the olecranon

Answer 45

Trochlear notch

Question 46

The elbow joint is a ___ joint

Answer 46

Synovial

Question 47

It is structurally classified as a ___ joint It permits the action of flexion and extension of the forearm

Answer 47

Hinge

Question 48

at the Elbow joint: The articular capsule is lined by ____

Answer 48

Synovial Membrane

Question 49

Elbow Joint: The articular capsule is weak, and is reinforced by ___ ___ which limit side-to-side displacement of the bones of the joint

Answer 49

Collateral Ligaments

Question 50

Radial collateral ligament goes from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the __ __ of the ulna

Answer 50

Radial Notch

Question 51

___ ___ surrounds the head of the radius

Answer 51

Annular Ligament

Question 52

Ulnar collateral ligament goes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ___ ___ and the ___ of the ulna

Answer 52

Coronoid Process Olecranon

Question 53

____ is an incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ

Answer 53

Subluxation

Question 54

``` Radial head subluxation: Commonly encountered injury in the pediatric population Peaks in the age range of 2 to 3 years More common in girls than boys Affects the ___ side more than the ___ ```

Answer 54

Left side more than right

Question 55

Sublux of radial head: Mechanism of injury is a sudden longitudinal traction on the arm with the elbow ___

Answer 55

Extended

Question 56

Cradle the affected elbow with the examiner’s thumb over the radial head and the other hand holding the child’s wrist. The elbow will start out in the flexed position and in one smooth combined movement the wrist should be supinated with pressure over the radial head with the examiner’s thumb while placing the elbow in full extension. A slight “pop” will often be felt when it reduces, and within minutes the child will be playing normally

Answer 56

get back out there kid

Question 57

These conditions are somewhat related in that both Affect an epicondyle of the elbow Generally result from excessive use (or overuse), and repeating the same strenuous motions Cause pain

Answer 57

Golfer's Elbow Tennis Elbow

Question 58

Golfer’s elbow is ___ epicondylitis | Tennis elbow is ___epicondylitis

Answer 58

Golf = Medial Tennis = Lateral

Question 59

Muscles of the forearm are ____ muscles of the hand

Answer 59

Extrinsic

Question 60

Muscles of forearm: Anterior compartment ___ and ___ Superficial group Deep group

Answer 60

Flexors and Pronators

Question 61

Muscles of forearm: Posterior compartment ___ and ___ Superficial group Deep group

Answer 61

Extensors and supinators

Question 62

A thin, strong, fibrous membrane, the ___ ___, joins the radius and ulna of the forearm It provides attachment for some deep forearm muscles

Answer 62

Interosseous Membrane

Question 63

The interosseous membrane provides the general plane for dividing the forearm into poster and anterior compartments.

Answer 63

Slide 37

Question 64

Superficial anterior compartement forearm: | These muscles of the forearm originate on the ___ ___ of the humerus

Answer 64

Medial Epicondyle

Question 65

They typically insert on the ___ and ___ Function as ____ Bellies of these muscles form the bulk of the forearm

Answer 65

Metacarpals and phalanges Flexors

Question 66

Superficial anterior flexor compartment are:

Answer 66

``` Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator teres ```

Question 67

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: radial anterior hand (anterior side of bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals)

Answer 67

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Question 68

Action: flexes and abducts hand at wrist (radial deviation) Innervation: median nerve

Answer 68

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Question 69

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Answer 69

Palmaris Longus

Question 70

Action: flexes hand at wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis Innervation: median nerve

Answer 70

Palmaris Longus

Question 71

Origin Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Answer 71

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 72

Insertion: ulnar anterior hand carpals (pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal)

Answer 72

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 73

Action: flexes and adducts hand at wrist (ulnar deviation) Innervation: ulnar nerve

Answer 73

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 74

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon and also the upper radius and upper ulna Insertion: anterior surface of the middle phalanges of the fingers (digits 2 – 5)

Answer 74

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Question 75

Action: flexes fingers, flexes hand at wrist Innervation: median nerve

Answer 75

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Question 76

Deep anterior compartment (forearm) Muscles of the digits insert on the base of distal phalanges Function as ___

Answer 76

Flexors

Question 77

Deep Anterio (flexor) compartment are:

Answer 77

Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus

Question 78

Origin: radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb

Answer 78

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 79

Action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb Innervation: median nerve

Answer 79

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 80

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: anterior surface of digits 2 – 5 (distal phalanx of digits 2 – 5)

Answer 80

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Question 81

Action: flexes fingers at distal phalanges and assists with flexion of hand Innervation: median and ulnar nerves

Answer 81

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Question 82

Flexor digitorum superficialis inserts on the ___ phalanges (anterior surface). Flexor digitorum profundus inserts on the ___ phalanges (anterior surface).

Answer 82

Middle Distral

Question 83

Solution to flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus...

Answer 83

Camper Chiasm slide 49

Question 84

Examination for ___ ___ ___ injury: Examiner holds middle phalanx in full extension, which isolates the FDP Patient actively flexes the distal phalanx

Answer 84

Flexor Digitorum profundus

Question 85

This is an assessment for function of the flexor digitorum profundus and/or the ___ ___ (which innervates FDP and FDS)

Answer 85

Median Nerve