World Music > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

(124 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are the two broad zones of Africa?

A

the Maghrib, north of the Sahara Desert

sub-Saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the ungrammatical question addressed int he packet?

A

When is an African

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Africa is a fount of ancient wisdom for those who practice religions such as what?

A

santeria

vodun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who discribed the postal song in the course packet?

A

Koetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some generalizations about African Music-Culture?

A

Music-Making Events
-control the mood of the workplace
-ceremonies, work, or play
Expression in Many Media
-expressed in drama, dance, poetry, costuming,
sculpture
Musical Style
-polyrhythm
-repetition
-impovisation
History
-cultures from Europe, Asia, and Americas have had
effect
-West Asia-lute, double reeds, goblet shaped drums
-Cuban rumba on pop music from central Africa
Participation
-Welcomes social engagement by joining simple parts
together
Training
-enculturation (the process of learning culture
gradually during childhood)
Beliefs and Values
-book African Music: A People’s Art by Francis Bebey
-music is a necessary and normal part of life
Intercultural Misunderstanding
-found it odd that Koetting was sitting and listening to
the music

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Postal Worker song (Ghana) “sounds like music” but is not what?

A

music to those performing it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What people perform Agbekor?

A

The Ewe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are features of Agbekor?

A

percussion ensemble (bells, rattles, and drums of
different sizes
chorus of singers
rich polyrhythmic textures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where do Ewe live?

A

Atlantic coast of western Africa in Ghana, Togo, and Benin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ewe place importance on extended what?

A

Family (members of lineage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The Ewe worship what?

A

the sea, the lagoon, the river, streams, animals, birds, earth, reptiles (nature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the supreme being to the Ewe?

A

Mawu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ewe believe in ancestral what?

A

spirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Funerals have replaced what as an appropriate occasion for war drumming?

A

war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What concepts are at the heart of the Ewe philosophy?

A

vital energy, life force, strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Origin of Agbekor theories include what?

A

observations of monkeys
performed for war
-frame of mind
-after battle to tell what happened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

For the Ewe, who were the repositories of knowledge given by god?

A

Hunters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the meaning behind Agbekor?

A

enjoying life
Atamuga (the great oath to obey leaders commands and fight bravely)
agbe (life) kor (clear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does Agbekor require special training other than enculturation?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Members of an Agbekor group practice how long before they appear in public?

A

up to a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is Agbekor taught?

A

demonstration and emulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the introductory section of Agbekor called?

A

adzo (short section)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

After the adzo what comes next?

A

vutsotsoe (fast drumming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

After the vutsotsoe what sections is performed?

A

adzokpi (pairs dance before lead drummer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
After the vutsotsoe what normally follows?
a break for libations
26
What is vulolo
slow drumming in the processional section of Agbekor
27
when the elders, patrons, and invited guests come out to dance, the singers and dancers of the Agbekor group do what?
Take a knee
28
What is typically described by the text of Agbekor?
war, invincibility, courage, loyalty, death, grief
29
Singing in Agbekor can have a call and what?
response
30
The gankogui (double bell) performs what roll in Agbekor?
time keeper
31
What role does the axatse (shaker) play?
contributes textural density
32
What role does the kaganu (baby drum) play?
textural density
33
What role does the kidi (mother drum) play?
textural density
34
What role do the Kloboto and totodzi (twin drums) play?
textural density
35
What role does the atsimevu (father drum) play?
cues, improvisation
36
Track 2 features 5 Agbekor songs featuring what?
the three different rhythmic styles: 3 slow 1 free 1 fast
37
Track 3 features what?
the double bell as it relates to each instrument 1. bell and shaker 2. bell and baby drum 3. bell and mother drum 4. bell and first twin brother 5. bell and second twin brother 6. bell and all together (excluding father drum)
38
Track three explores what meters?
4 and 6-beat
39
For Track 3 the shaker is in what meter?
6
40
The shaker and the baby drum part performed in class demonstate what?
call and response (A-fri-ca) [shaker A] [baby (off beat) fri ca]
41
What rhythm was demonstrated by A-fri-ca?
compound duple
42
The song Lambango praises what?
three twentieth century Gambian leaders
43
What is a kora?
a 21 string bridge harp
44
Mande Jaliya experts in speech, song, and the playing of instruments are often called what?
griots
45
Who are not only musicians but counselors to royalty, entertainers for the public, and guardians of history?
griots
46
Professional "sound artisans" of the Mande ethnic tradition call themselves what?
Jalolu
47
What the Jalolu do is called what?
Jaliya
48
Who founded the empire of Mali?
Sunjata Keita
49
What is the sand sea?
Sahel
50
The music culture of Gambia changed in 1894 due to what?
Gambia became a British protectorate
51
What is the key element of speech called in jaliya?
kuma
52
What is konkon?
An ostinato (repeated phrase) rapped on the resonator of a kora
53
The kora is tuned in patterns of what?
Seven pitches per octave
54
Because the higher pitched strings of a kora are below the lower pitched strings, the instrument must be played in what order to create an ascending pattern?
descending
55
What is kumbengo?
instrumental ostinato by the kora
56
What is birimintingo?
virtuosic instrumental passages between singing
57
A kora master does not teach tuning until what?
The apprentice is ready to leave
58
The master teaches what element of the kora?
kumbengo (ostinato)
59
How does an apprentice learn birimintingo?
by picking it up through observation of the master
60
What is donkilo?
a tune with several phrases of text
61
What is sataro?
an open-ended, extemporaneous passage of spoken or chanted text
62
What does the song title Nag Biegu mean
ferocious wild bull
63
What is a salma?
Praise Name Dance
64
Who does the praise name dance Nag Biegu praise?
Naa Abudu, a king of Dagbon in the 1800s
65
The drummed chorus phrase works like what in Nag Biegu?
the "hook" in a pop song
66
The Shona Mbira recording Nhemamussasa (Track 15) features what musical instrument?
mbira (thumb piano)
67
Mbira music often has what texture?
polyphonic
68
How is the mbira music described by Tracey?
kaleidophonic
69
What researcher provided the information on Shona music?
Paul Berliner
70
Where are the Shona located?
High plateau country between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers in central and southern Africa
71
What language do they Shona speak?
Bantu
72
What is the name of the impressive stone fortress?
the Great Zimbabwe
73
The Bantu kingdoms participated in what commerce?
Indian Ocean
74
Who caused the large Shona states to fade?
Other African groups, notably the militaristic Ndebele in the 1800s.
75
The Shona became more what after the 1800s?
decentralized and agricultural
76
At the turn of the century, who took over the land and imposed their culture and economy on the local Africans?
English-speaking settlers
77
What four classes of spirits affect the word according to the Shona?
spirits of the chiefs (mhondoro) family members (mudzimu) nonrelatives or animals (mashave) witches (muroyi)
78
According to Shona, what could have sensory experience, feel emotions, and take action to help and advice their beloved descendants?
ancestral spirits
79
What music helped the Shona connect the living with their ancestors?
Mbira
80
Communication happened by what means during Mbira music?
Possession trances
81
Possession trances occur during what, all-night, family-based, communal rituals?
mapira (plural) | bira (singular)
82
Most mbira have what four features of construction?
1. a set of long, think keys made of metal or plant material 2. a soundboard with a bridge that holds the keys 3. a resonator to shape and amplify the sound of the plucked keys 4. jingles that buzz rhythmically when the keys are plucked
83
Like the kora, the mbira matches the what of the human body?
bilateral symmetry (left side for left thumb, right side for right thumb and index finger)
84
What serves as the resonator for mbira?
a large gourd
85
What can serve as the jingles?
bottle caps, snail shells, shells
86
What else can be heard in Mbira music?
clapping, singing, and a driving rhythm played on a pair of gourd rattles called hosho
87
What word is used to refer to the tonal qualities of the mbira and the interval configurations, sound projections, pitch level, and overtones?
chuning
88
What are the mbira keys symbolically linked to?
family relationships, emotional or physical response to music, and animal imagery
89
Many mbira pieces exploit what?
the creative potential of 3:2 relationships (one hand in three or six and the other in two or four)
90
What are the two interlocking parts of Mbira music?
kushaura (main part) | kutsinhira (interwoven second part)
91
The vocal music of mbira have what three distinct styles?
1. mahonyera (vocables) 2. kudeketera (poetry) 3. huro (yodeling)
92
Who was the song Nhemamusasa played for?
Chaminuko, a powerful spirit who protects the entire Shona nation
93
What does the word Nhemamusasa mean?
cutting branches for shelter (musasa)
94
People describe Nhemamusasa also as what kind of song?
a war song
95
What was the name of the movie where the musician visits parts of Africa with his banjo?
"Throw Down Your Heart"
96
What is the notation used for African music?
Time Unit Box (tub)
97
What does Sub-Saharan African music
instruments made from local materials different parts for participation 1. layers of interlocking repeating ostinato patterns 2. leader (cues/improvisation) 3. call and response (which can have different patterns A A or A X or A X or A C B B B X B X B D C C C X C X C C
98
Postal Workers Percussion Parts
X X X X X X X XX X X X XX XX X X XX X X
99
Who dislodged the Ewe to northern Benin from N. Nigeria?
Yoruba
100
The Ewe call their music what?
Drum Dance Song
101
What were the four genres of the music of the Ewe?
Atsia Gahu Agbekor Agbadza
102
What are preset figures of song and dance spontaneously selected by the leader of Ewe music?
Atsiawo
103
For Mbira music the kutsinhira and kushaura parts have the same what but are offset?
melody
104
Mbira vocals include what?
yodel "wailing improvisation" low-pitched "syllables with no meaning" meaningful text either sung or spoken
105
Prior to Zimbabwe gaining independence in 1980 the country was called what and who was it named after?
Rhodesia; Cecil Rhodes
106
Who sang in "Deep" Shona to pass secret messages for political action?
Thomas Mapfumo
107
Mapfumo used what instruments to recreate kushaura and kutinhira and what instruments to recreate a hosho?
guitars: top hat drum
108
What did Mapfumo coin his music as?
Chimurenga
109
Track 9 and 10 feature what musician?
Mapfumo
110
Who was the first president of Zimbabwe?
Robert Mugabe (bad guy) lost power in 2018
111
Mapfumo fled and settled where?
Oregon
112
Who was the female musician that mastered mbira?
Erica Azim
113
What were the social class divisions of the Mande Empire?
1. Nobility 2. Warrior 3. merchants 4. artisans (musicians like Griot/Praise singers)
114
The class of artisans that played music were called what?
Jalolu
115
Jalolu played what kind of music?
Jaliya
116
What are male and female Jalolu called respectively?
Jali, Jalimusolu
117
What are some common family names of the Jalolu?
Diabate, Keita, Jobarte
118
What are the three main instruments of Jaliya?
Kora (plucked harp), Balafon (xylophone, frames with gourds, plant fibers for buzzing), Xalam (lutes)
119
Track 11 starts how?
birimintigo then solos when there is no singing
120
Track 12 features what instrument and what is the progression of music?
kora, starts birimintigo, then kumbengo, there is idodophone made by hitting side of kora
121
Who was the Albino singer that was Groit?
Salif Keita (note he was noble)
122
in Track 14 Keita praises in honor of whom?
Chiris Seido
123
in Track 15 Keita praises in honor of whom?
Nelson Mandela
124
in Track 16 Keita praises in honor of whom?
the African continant
World Music
flashcards
Decks in class (4)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions