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1
Q

A bacterial cell possesses a glycocalyx. is the following statement true or false:
it will be engulfed more quickly by defensive cells of the host

A

FALSE

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2
Q

The NAG and NAM subunit chains are connected to each other in peptidoglycan by

A

short chains of amino acids

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3
Q

Phospholipids are important components of ____

A

the plasma membrane cells

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4
Q

Which process would enable a white blood cell to ingest bacteria?

A

Phagocytosis

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5
Q

What do we call an organism that converts inorganic carbons (CO2) into organic carbon (sugar)?

A

autotrophs

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6
Q

How do two isotopes of an element differ?

A

neutron number

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7
Q

Why is no energy required in passive transport?

A

the concentration gradient drives the movement

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8
Q

Which level of protein structures contains hydrogen bond interactions (i.e. alpha helix) between the backbones

A

secondary

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9
Q

Which of the following is non-polar and hydrophobic?
-phospholipid
-monosaccharide
-nucleotide
-fatty acid

A

fatty acid

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10
Q

When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain, the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.

A

quaternary

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11
Q

Which of the following is not an organelle?
Ribosome
Lysosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast

A

ribosome

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12
Q

The overall purpose of the Calvin cycle is

A

build organic molecules

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13
Q

In which of the following organism(s) does Cellular Respiration occur?
Animals, Plants, Algae, Seaweed, Fungi

A

All of the above

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14
Q

Buffer A: 1L of 50mM Tris;
Buffer B: 1L of 1M Tris.
Which is better to resist pH changes?

A

buffer B

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15
Q

What is true about fermentation?

A

it is a way to supply needed NAD+ to the cell

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16
Q

Which molecule is transported into the mitochondria and connects glycolysis to the rest of cellular respiration pathway?

A

pyruvate

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17
Q

Roughly how many mitochondria are found in an animal cell?

A

At least 1000 mitochondria

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18
Q

Non-protein components that help activate enzyme’s function:
(select) Inorganic ions (i.e. metals, heme,)
(select) Organic molecules (i.e. vitamins, NAD, FAD, biotin)

A

cofactor; coenzyme

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19
Q

How many neutrons is in a Phosphorus (P) (element #15) with a mass number of 32?

A

17

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20
Q

Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.

A

polysaccharides

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21
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

It converts glucose into energy

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22
Q

What is a hallmark of passive transport across cell membranes?

A

it occurs along the electrochemical gradient, and may involve the use of channel proteins

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23
Q

When a cell membrane engulfs small fluid droplets and proteins, it is called

A

Pinocytosis

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24
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?
a. Diseases such as albinism, Hunter syndrome and Tay-Sachs disease are characterized by a missing or malfunctioning enzyme.
b. Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to start.
c.Without enzymes, reactions would be much too slow to sustain life.
d. There are very few places in your body where enzymes exist.

A

There are very few places in your body where enzymes exist.

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25
H2O can be _____ , and H2 can be ____ options: compound, molecule, compound and molecule
Compound and molecule ; Molecule
26
Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that do not have a cell wall, only a membrane. what characteristic would you expect for these bacteria?
sensitive to osmotic pressure
27
Place the following bonds in order from strongest to weakest. hydrogen, van der Waal, covalent, ionic, hydrophobic.
Covalent Ionic, Hydrogen, Hydrophobic Van der Waal
28
In order to create a buffer zone, ____ mL of 1M of Citric acid should be added with 2 mL of 1M Sodium citrate
2 mL
29
Which is incorrect about photosynthesis? A) The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm B) The light-independent reactions don't require light C) Photosynthesis requires water D) The light-dependent reactions release oxygen
A) The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm
30
Most enzymes are made up of A) Carbohydrates B) Nucleic acids C) Proteins D) Lipids
C) Proteins
31
True / False All functional proteins exist in the quaternary structure. False
false
32
Which of the following would not move freely across the cytoplasmic membrane? A) Dissolved carbon dioxide B) Dissolved oxygen C) Small alcohols D) Positively charged hydrogen ions
D) Positively charged hydrogen ions
33
If the pH shifts from 5 to 7 A) The H+ has increased 100 times B) The OH- has increased 100 times C) The H+ has decreased 20 times D) The OH- has decreased 20 times
B) The OH- has increased 100 times
34
34
In what real world scenario might the use of antibiotics potentially impact mitochondrial cells and child development? Prolonged antibiotic treatment during pregnancy may have implications for mitochondrial health in the developing fetus and affect child development Antibiotics have no relevance to mitochondrial cells or child development Mitochondrial cells are inherently resistant to antibiotics, making any impact on child development unlikely Antibiotics are commonly administered to improve mitochondrial health in children
Prolonged antibiotic treatment during pregnancy may have implications for mitochondrial health in the developing fetus and affect child development.
35
How many more H+ ions would a solution of pH 3 have over a solution of pH 5?
100
36
Water moves via osmosis, which is when water migrates * From a high concentration to a low concentration * From a low concentration of water to a higher concentration * Throughout the cytoplasm * From a low concentration of solutes to a higher one * From a low concentration of solutes to a higher one
From a low concentration of solutes to a higher one
37
An endothermic reaction * Exchanges energy * Requires energy * Is spontaneous * Uses enzymes
Requires energy
38
Which of the following occurs in the mitochondria? Calvin cycle Electron transport chain Kreb cycle glucose glycolysis
Electron transport chain Kreb cycle
39
Select all features that prokaryotic cells do not have. * Flagella * Ribosomes * Mitochondria * DNA * Nucleus * Cell Wall
Mitochondria Nucleus
40
If delta G is negative, then the reaction is __________? If delta G is positive, then the reaction is _________?
Spontaneous Non-spontaneous
41
Which of the following is only a eukaryotic structure? * Flagella * Peptidoglycan * Cell membrane * Cilia * Ribosomes
cilia
42
Who came up with the Red Dragon Hypothesis? Carl Sagan Dr. Pham Antoni Leuwenhoek Pasteur
Carl Sagan
43
The following is a NOT "scientific" question. Do sidewalks change the availability of water for trees? Do trees absorb water? How does trees deal with stress? Do I like trees?
Do I like trees?
44
When a cytoplasmic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, expelling its contents outside the cell, the process is known as osmosis endocytosis exocytosis diffusion
exocytosis
45
Select all that are lipids: Cytosine Energy source stored in adipose tissue Phospholipids Waxes Amino acids ATP Cotton candy enzymes Polysaccharides Steroids
Energy source stored in adipose tissue Phospholipids Waxes Steroids
46
An isotope of sodium (Na) (element #11) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have?
11
47
Which is incorrect about the plasma membrane? Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move Cholesterol affects the fluid nature of the membrane It has a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic region that faces water Transmembrane proteins span the membrane
Proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer do not move
48
Choose all examples that matches with water adhesion Water sticking to glass through condensation Water being soaked by napkin Water drying up through evaporation Water mixing together away from oil Water droplets stuck on a wall
Water sticking to glass through condensation Water being soaked by napkin Water droplets stuck on a wall
49
Match the following for plants C3 - C4 - CAM TREES - SUGARCANE - CACTUS
C3- trees C4-sugarcane CAM- cactus
50
Which of the following is never a product of a fermentation reaction? ethanol lactic acid carbon dioxide pyruvate
pyruvate
51
Which of the following can be broken down into energy source? Peptidoglycan Chitin Cellulose Triglycerides Starch
Chitin Cellulose Triglycerides Starch
52
The number of ________ of an element determines its atomic number. neutrons valence electrons protons electrons
protons
53
Which of the following is NOT a type of cytoskeletal fiber Microtubules All of these are cytoskeletal fibers Actin microfilaments Intermediate microfilaments
All of these are cytoskeletal fibers
54
# ``` ``` Match the following Tight Junction - Anchoring (adhesion junction) - Gap Junction Reduce molecules/ions transferred between cells Help cells stick together Allow transfer of molecules/ions between cells
Tight Junction - Reduce molecules/ions transferred between cells Anchoring (adhesion junction) - Help cells stick together Gap Junction - Allow transfer of molecules/ions between cells
55
# ``` ``` Which of the following statements is not true about water Water is the most abundant atom in Earth’s atmosphere Water stabilizes temperature Water is essential for life Water is polar
Water is the most abundant atom in Earth's atmosphere
56
Amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides, and fatty acids have this in common. They are subunits of macromolecules They have a ration of (CH2O)n They are non-polar molecules They all contain nitrogen atoms
They are subunits of macromolecules
57
Which term describes how water binds to the surface of a glass? Convection Cohesion Adhesion Dilution
Adhesion
58
Which type of inhibitor locks the substrates from exiting the active site? Competitive Irreversible Allosteric Noncompetitive
Noncompetitive
59
The endomembrane system consists of all the following organelles EXCEPT Golgi apparatus Vesicles Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
60
Match the inhibitors with their analogies Competitive inhibitor - Non-competitive Inhibitor toll meter blocking cars from entering the parking lot - stealing a parking space from another car
Competitive inhibitor: stealing a parking space from another car Noncompetitive inhibitor: toll meter blocking cars from entering the parking lot
61
A bacterial cell, which has a cytoplasmic solute concentration equal to 0.85% NaCl, is placed into a tube containing a solution that has a NaCl concentration of 0.2%. What type of solution has the cell been placed? Hypertonic Isotonic No clue Hypotonic
Hypotonic
62
What’s a buffer zone in a solution, and what happens to the pH and the concentration of the acid (HA) and its conjugate base (A-) in this zone? A buffer zone is where pH fluctuate wildly, and pH equals pKA, with {HA} less than {A-} A buffer zone is where pH remains stable, and pH equals pKa, with {HA} equal to {A-} A buffer zone is where pH is always neutral, and pH equals pKA, with {HA} not related to {A-} A buffer zone is where pH can change a lot, and pH equals pKA, with {HA} greater than {A-}
A buffer zone is where pH remains stable, and pH equals pKa, with {HA} equal to {A-}
63
A bacterial capsule is a type of? Cytoskeleton Slime layer Cell wall Glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
64
Amino acids are joined together in a type of reaction where a hydroxyl group is removed from one amino acid and a hydrogen is removed from the other amino acid to form the peptide bond between the two. This type of reaction is an example of a
dehydration synthesis reaction
65
Which of the following elements are electronegative? Select all that apply Helium Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Boron Oxygen
Nitrogen Oxygen
66
Which of the following elements has most valence electrons Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen
oxygen
67
Who is responsible for the taxonomic system we use today to designate organisms as belonging to specific groups including genus and species? Ignaz Semmelweis Robert Koch Carolus Linnaeus Franscisco Redi
Carolus Linnaeus
68
NADH (select all that apply) is the reduced form of NAD+ in the ETC is produced in glycolysis, transition, and Kreb's cycle allows for more ATP production than FADH2 is produced in photosynthesis non-cyclic reactions is an oxidized molecule
is the reduced form of NAD+ in the ETC is produced in glycolysis, transition, and Kreb's cycle allows for more ATP production than FADH2
69
Van der Waal Interactions are the... Transfer of electrons between atoms Attraction of atoms caused by partial charges Sharing of electrons by two or more atoms Attraction of atoms caused by induced-partial charges
Attraction of atoms caused by induced-partial charges
70
Photoautotrophs use what (2) things as an energy source?
Light + CO2
71
Chemoautotrophs use what (2) things as an energy source?
CO2 + Nitrogen (OR SULFUR)
72
Photoheterotrophs use what (2) things to produce energy?
Organic Compounds + Light/CO2
73
What was the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin? Tuberculosis Smallpox Anthrax Malaria
Anthrax
74
eukaryotes have _____ dna prokaryotes have ____ dna
linear, circular

Microbiology (7 decks)

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