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Microbiology > Lecture #3 - Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture #3 - Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

2 types if eukaryotic celss

A

plant & animals

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2
Q

The cytoskeleton provides

A

structural support and aids in cell movement.

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3
Q

The cell membrane regulates

A

substance passage.

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4
Q

Vacuoles store

A

food, waste, and other substances.

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5
Q

Mitochondria are responsible for

A

ATP production.

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6
Q

Lysosomes contain ________ for _________

A

Lysosomes contain enzymes for waste digestion.

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7
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in ___, _______,and _______ synthesis.

A

lipid, carbohydrate, and protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Golgi apparatus ____________ cellular products.

A

processes and sorts

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9
Q

Lysosomes are responsible for

A

degrading old and damaged organelles.

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10
Q

The endomembrane system comprises various organelles, excluding ________

A

the nucleus.

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11
Q

Chloroplasts are the primary sites of ______ synthesis.

A

ATP

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12
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum specializes in _____ and __________

A

lipid synthesis and detoxification.

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13
Q

2 types of movemenet of large molecules across the membrane

A

exocystisis, endocytosis

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14
Q

2 types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis (engulfs big molecules)

pinocytosis (dissolves molecules to take in)

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15
Q

4 types of vesicles

A

vesicles
peroxisomes
lysosome
vacuoles

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16
Q

peroxisomes …

A

detoxify and breakdown harmful bacyeria

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17
Q

The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains _______ for ________ synthesis.

A

ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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18
Q

The cell’s structural framework is determined by the ________

A

cytoskeleton.

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19
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from __________ via _________.

A

free-living bacterial cells via endosymbiosis.

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20
Q

The cell membrane acts as a ______-

A

selective barrier.

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21
Q

shared components of eukaryotics cells (4)

A
  1. cytoskleton
  2. nucleus
  3. golgi apparatus
  4. endoplasmic reticulum
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22
Q

unique componets of a plant cell(3)

A

cell wall
plasmodemata
chloroplasts

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23
Q

unique comppnent of an animal cell

A

cilia

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24
Q

GM crops are thoroughly evaluated by ______

A

multiple agencies (Biosecurity and surveillance) before consumption.

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25
Photosynthesis mechanisms vary during
hot and dry seasons. 
26
Some plants can communicate and warn
nearby plants about potential attacks. 
27
Sunlight plays a significant role in
human biology. 
28
A portion of radiant energy from the sun is incorporated into ___________ during photosynthesis.  Hwat %
organic compounds (less than 1%)
29
The primary purpose of the Calvin cycle is to
create glucose. 
30
C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation to
hot, dry conditions. 
31
organelle for photosynthesisi
choloroplasts
32
Photosynthesis process
1) chlorophyl captures light & splits H20 into O2 and H ---> forms NADPH and ATP. 2) calvin cycle- turns ATP + CO2 into glucose& oxygen
33
the pigment that absorbs light
chlorophyll
34
The main products of photosynthesis include _______ and ________.
glucose and oxygen.
35
C3 plants collect CO2 BY
closing toma & decrease sugar productin
36
C4 plants collect CO2 BY
close stoma & use Co2 tank
37
CAM plant scollect CO2 by
getting CO2 at night
38
Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and yields ______ ATP from one glucose. 
cytoplasm; two
39
The Krebs Cycle's primary purpose is to produce ____and _______
NADH and FADH2. 
40
The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in cellular respiration primarily regenerates _______ and _______ 
NADH and FADH2.
41
The majority of ATP is generated during the _________
Electron Transport Chain. 
42
Glycolysis takes place in the _______ , while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in the __________. 
cytoplasm; mitochondria
43
FADH2 is produced during the _________
Krebs cycle. 
44
During aerobic cellular respiration, we inhale oxygen to supply ________ and exhale CO2 produced by cellular respiration. 
the mitochondria
45
Acetyl-CoA enters the _____________
Krebs cycle. 
46
Fermentation reactions do ____ ________ oxygen. 
not produce
47
In prokaryotes, electron transport chain components are located in the _________
cell membrane. 
48
The final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration is __________
oxygen. 
49
Fermentation is a metabolic process that does _____ _______oxygen. 
not require
50
The correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration are
glycolysis, (oxidatuin), Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. 
51
The raw material needed for the electron transport chain is _______
oxygen. 
52
Products of Krebs Cycle
* co2 * 2 ATP * 6 NADH * 2 FADH2
53
Yeast carry out fermentation under ________ conditions. 
anaerobic
54
Metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and fermentation do not occur inside_________
mitochondria. 
55
products of glycolisis
* 2 pyruvates * 2 ATP * 2 NADH
56
products of oxidation
* 2 NADH * 2 Acetyl-coa
57
products of electron transport chain
34 ATP
58
Proteins can be broken down into ________, which is used to produce energy. 
acetyl-CoA
59
total ATP of ceullular respiration
38
60
The primary purpose of converting food into ATP in animals is to provide
energy for cellular processes. 
61
what is the goall of gycolisis
to break down glucose
62
goal of oxidation
Break down Pyruvates
63
goal of krebs cycle
break down acetyl-coa into NADH and FADH2
64
goal of electron trasnsport chain
regenerate NADH and FADH2 into ATP
65
how does the ect turn NADH & FADH2 into ATP?
NADH breaks into 3 H+ FADH2 breaks into 2 H+ H+ go through the ATP synthase

Microbiology (7 decks)

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