Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 157 (MCC) > Exam Two > Flashcards

Exam Two Flashcards

1
Q

Define matter

A

Everything that takes up space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is all matter made of?

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Atom

A

Units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are atoms made of?

A

Nucleus

Cloud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus

Charge and mass

A

Proton atomic mass equal to 1

Neutron atomic mass equal to 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

A

2 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many valence electrons can the outer shells hold?

A

8 electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are valence electrons found?

A

The outer shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define element

A

A form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are essential elements called?

A

Trace Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Atomic Number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Atomic Weight

A

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can atoms have the same amount of protons?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Isotopes

A

Elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define compound

A

Two or more elements combined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are stable compounds reactive or unreactive?

A

Unreactive

Wants to fill out shell by bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are unstable compounds reactive or unreactive?

A

Reactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are compounds held together?

A

Bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 types of bonds?

A

Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Molecule

A

A chemical structure held together by covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the strongest bond?

A

Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Covalent Bond

A

They form when two or more atoms share the electrons in their outer shells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How valence electrons does carbon have?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many valence electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define ion
An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge. Takes or Donates
26
Define ionic bonds
Results from the attraction of oppositely charged ions, rather than shared
27
Define polar molecules
When electrons of a covalent bond are shared unequally
28
Is water polar or non polar?
Polar
29
Define non polar molecules
When electrons of a covalent bond are shared equally
30
Define electronegativity
The pull of electrons
31
Define Hydrogen Bonds
The attraction formed between a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom and another slightly negatively charged atom
32
What are the weakest bond?
Hydrogen Bond
33
Define Adhesion
Water molecule clinging to a surface
34
List the phases of water from least dense to most
Solid, Liquid, Gas
35
How often does a solid water bond?
Constantly
36
What do acids do in water?
Release hydrogen ions or bonds
37
What do bases do in water?
Produce hydroxide ions
38
pH scale meaning: 1-7 7-14 7
Acids (1-7) Bases (7-12) Neutral (7)
39
What can pH find?
If an it is an acid or a base
40
Define pH
The negative logarithm of the concentration of H+ ion in solution
41
What do bonds store?
Energy
42
H+C=
Hydro carbons
43
Define Macromolecules
The four classes of biological molecules that contain very large molecules (same as polymers)
44
Define polymers
Made from identical building blocks strung together | same as Macromolecules
45
Define Monomer
Building blocks
46
Define dehydration synthesis
When polymers are made, water is removed, and they react
47
Define Hydrolysis
When the same molecules are broken apart, water is added, and they react
48
What are the 4 Macromolecules?
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleuic Acids
49
What atoms make up carbohydrates?
C, H, O
50
What endings do carbohydrates have?
-ose ending
51
What are single sugar molecules called?
Monosaccharides
52
Examples of carbohydrates
Starches and sugars
53
What do living things use as their main source of energy?
Carbohydrates
54
Define Polysaccharides
Chain of molecules that store energy or provide structure
55
How do plants store excess sugar?
In Starch and Glycogen
56
Define Disaccharides
formed when two monosaccharides are joined together by glycosidic bonds
57
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
58
What atoms make up lipids?
C, H, O
59
What are the three common categories of lipids?
Triglycerides Phospholipids Steriods
60
What are three functions of lipids?
Store long-term energy Protect Vital Organs Form cell membranes
61
How do fatty acids bond to glycerol?
Through Dehydration Synthesis
62
What is formed when glycerol molecules combine with compounds?
Fatty Acids
63
What are examples of triglycerides?
Fats and Oils
64
How are fats used in living things?
As parts of biological membranes | To store energy
65
Define Saturated
Each carbon atom in a lipid's fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond
66
Define Unsaturated
Double bonds between carbon and fatty acids
67
Define Trans Fat
A man-made unsaturated fat made by adding hydrogens
68
Describe a straight lipid chain
Directly carbon linked | Saturated
69
Describe a bent lipid chain
Double bond | Unsaturated
70
Define amino acids
The building blocks of proteins
71
What kind of atoms do proteins contain?
H, N, C, H, O
72
Proteins are polymer of molecules called?
Amino acids
73
Define Peptides
Chains of only a few amino acids
74
Define Polypeptides
Chains of 10 or more amino acids
75
Define Proteins
Polypeptide chains of at least 50 amino acids
76
What functions do proteins provide?
Structure Transport Movement for the body
77
Describe the primary level of protein.
A sequence of amino acids in order
78
Describe the secondary level of protein.
Helix or coil result from bending or coiling
79
Describe the tertiary level of protein.
3D structure
80
Describe the quaternary level of protein.
2+ smaller chains put together
81
Define Denaturation
Changes in the chemical environment of a protein can cause it to lose its structure causing a loss of function
82
What can cause Denaturation?
Something too hot or cold Something to acidic or not acidic enough Something too salty or not salty enough
83
What kind of atoms do nucleic acids contain?
N, P, C, H, O
84
What are the nucleic acid monomers called?
Nucleotide
85
A Nucleotide consists of what three parts?
5 carbon 5 nitrogen Phosphate Group
86
Whare two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
87
Differences between RNA and DNA:
``` RNA: Single Stranded Has sugar ribose DNA: Two strands (Double Helix) Has sugar deoxyribose ```

Biology 157 (MCC) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions