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ZOOLEC FINALS > Excretory > Flashcards

Excretory Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

-helps maintain homeostasis by selectively adjusting the concentration of salts & other substances in blood & other body fluids

A

Excretory system

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2
Q
  • handle these processes & also rid of the body of excess water from dietary intake, excess ions & harmful substances
A

Excretory system

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3
Q

is the process of getting rid of the body’s metabolic wastes including water

A

Excretion

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4
Q

The active regulation of osmotic pressure of body fluids to keep them from becoming too dilute or too concentrated

A

OSMOREGULATION

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5
Q

coastal habitats (eg. Estuaries)

less stable environment

A

Osmotic regulators

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6
Q

marine invertebrates

A

Osmotic conformers

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7
Q

– ammonia, urea, uric acid

A

Nitrogenous wastes

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8
Q

Movement of water across the membrane

A

Osmosis

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9
Q

They conform their body with the salinity

A

Osmotic conformers

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10
Q

Salt water meets fresh water

A

Estuaries

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11
Q
  • simple or branching tubules open to outside of the body thru excretory pores (nephridiophores)
A

Nephridial organ

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12
Q

excretory pores

A

(nephridiophores)

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13
Q

tubes with one opening(end)

A

Nephridial organ

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14
Q

2 types of Nephridial organ

A

Protonephridia
Metanephridia

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15
Q
  • composed of tubules open at both ends
A

Metanephridia

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16
Q

most annelid & mollusks

A

Metanephridia

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17
Q

in flatworms

A

Protonephridia

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18
Q
  • composed of tubules w/no internal openings
A

Protonephridia

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19
Q

in some crustaceans (eg.Crayfish)

A

Antennal (green) glands

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20
Q
  • in crabs, shrimps
A

Maxillary glands

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21
Q

in insects & spiders

A

Malpighian tubules

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22
Q

very efficient kidneys in order to conserve water (losses very little fluid as urine)

A

Kangaroo

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23
Q

eg. Kangaroo

A

Kidney

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24
Q

the key vertebrate organ for osmoregulation & excretion

A

Kidney

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25
- losses water by osmosis
Marine fishes
26
- to compensate drinks water, excretes salts & produce little urine
Marine fishes
27
-excrete large quantities of urine & absorb salts (by active transport) thru gills
Freshwater vertebrates/fishes
28
- also have salt glands in head
Reptiles & birds
29
- accumulates urea high enough concentration so that becomes hypertonic to the surrounding env't ---water enters by osmosis--- large amount of hypotonic urine is excreted
Shark
30
- kidney same as in freshwater; also thru skin & urinary bladder
Amphibians
31
FILTER blood REABSORB nutrients EXCRETE metabolic wastes REGULATE the fluid & electrolyte BALANCE of the body SITE for production of rennin & erythroprotein
Kidney
32
in amphibians
Mesonephros
33
in mammals
Metanephros
34
- the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
35
basic composition of kidney
uriniferous tubules
36
(composed of nephron & collecting ducts)
uriniferous tubules
37
STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY Two major layers:
Cortex Medulla
38
- outer region, dark, & grainy appearing
Cortex
39
consist of a tuff of capillaries called glomerulus
Renal corpuscles or Malphigian body
40
glomerulus covered by a
Bowman's capsule or renal capsule
41
( a layer of simple squamous epithelium)
Bowman's capsule or renal capsule
42
filtrate mismo
glomerulai
43
function for blood filtration (filtering unit of a nephron)
Renal corpuscles
44
exhibit u-shaped, rounded, elongated structures line with simple cuboidal epithelium
Renal tubules
45
3 Main Regions in Renal tubules
proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle/Loop of nephron distal convoluted tubules
46
where secretion of waste products takes place
distal convoluted tubules
47
- u-shaped tubule that conducts filtrate from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubules; where reabsorption of water & ions takes place
Loop of Henle/Loop of nephron
48
- conducts the filtrate from the Bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
49
Cortex consists of:
Renal corpuscles Renal tubules
50
folded tubules to increase the surface area/reabsorption/ excretion
Convoluted
51
Nearest to the bowman's capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
52
- inner region, light- staining, striated appearing
Medulla
53
Medulla consist of:
collecting ducts straight tubular portions
54
where the filtrate passes thru to the ureter
straight tubular portions of nephron & collecting ducts
55
urine flows out from the kidney to the ureter thru the _____
renal pelvis
56
PROCESS OF URINE FORMATION
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion
57
nonselective with regard to small molecules
Filtration
58
- takes place in the renal corpuscle or Malpighian body
Filtration
59
occurs mostly in the Loop of Henle
Reabsorption
60
99% of the filtrate reabsorbed; 1.5L to be excreted as urine in 24hr period
Reabsorption
61
needed substances (eg. glucose & amino acids) are returned into the blood
Reabsorption
62
permits precise regulation of blood chemistry by the kidneys
Reabsorption
63
secretion of ions occurs by active transport
Secretion
64
occurs mainly in the distal convoluted tubule
Secretion
65
- of K, H and NH4 ions, drugs
Secretion
66
What tissue is the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
67
Principal Waste Products of Animal Metabolism
Water Co2 Nitrogenous waste - ammonia, uric acid, urea
68
- conducts filtrate to a collecting duct;
distal convoluted tubules
69
needed substances in reabsorption
Glucose Amino acids
70
____ of the filtrate reabsorbed; ___ to be excreted as urine in ____ period
99% 1.5L 24hr

ZOOLEC FINALS (6 decks)

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