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ZOOLEC FINALS > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Formation of carbonate-bicarbonate buffer

A

Respiratory

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2
Q

Sound production or vocalization

A

Respiratory

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3
Q

Eliminate CO2 as waste product of respiration

A

Respiratory

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4
Q

Provide oxygen for aerobic respiration (breathing or pulmonary ventilation)

A

Respiratory

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5
Q

Functional unit of respiratory system

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

gas exchange take place

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

final electron acceptor

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

good reducing agent

A

Loose Electron Oxidation

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9
Q

Losing of electron

A

LEO

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10
Q

Gain electron

A

Gain Electron reduction

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11
Q

Types of Respiratory Surfaces

A

Plasma membrane
Skin
Trachea
Gills
Lungs
Book Lungs

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12
Q

Amoeba, paramecium, hydra

A

Simple diffusion/ p. membrane

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13
Q

Amphibians

A

Integumen/body surface - Crutaneous exchange

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14
Q

Insects, millipedes, centipedes

A

Trachea

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15
Q

Mollusks, Crustaceans

A

Gills

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16
Q

In land verttebrates/ Humans

A

Lungs

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17
Q

In arachnids

A

Book Lungs

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18
Q

2 regions of Respiratory Pathway

A

Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract

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19
Q

Oral cavity to throat

A

Upper R.T

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20
Q

Trachea to Lungs

A

Lower R.T

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21
Q

2 portion in respiratory pathway

A

Air conducting portion
Gas exchange portion

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22
Q

Air conducting portion

A

Nasal region
Laryngeal region
Trachea or Windpipe
Bronchus

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23
Q

where air enters; filters air through epithelial ciliated mucosa

A

Nose/External & Internal Nares (choanae

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24
Q

short tube for passage of air & food

A

Pharynx

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25
- behind nose
Nasopharynx
26
- behind mouth
Oropharynx
27
- behind pharynx leading to the larynx
Laryngopharynx
28
3 pharynx
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
29
opens up to allow air to flow to & from oropharynx to the lungs & back to oropharynx
Glottis
30
Also called voice box
Larynx
31
- in humans, it is a box-like cartilaginous structure located below pharynx
Larynx or voice organ/box
32
- at posterior end of pharynx
Laryngeal region
33
Larynx contains the ff:
Arytenoids Cricoid Thyroid Epiglottis/Lid cartilage Vocal cords
34
Support the larnyx
Posterior cornua - hyoid
35
encircle arytenoids like a ring
cricoid or "signet ring" cartilage
36
"Adams apple" (in humans)
Thyroid
37
- in humans, flap-like structure that closes the glottis when swallowing food
epiglottis or "lid cartilage"
38
for attracting sexual partner
vocal sac in most male frogs
39
thin, elastic band that vibrates & produce sound
vocal cords
40
cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx & bronchi
Trachea/Windpipe
41
serves as passageway for air
Trachea/Windpipe
42
short tube that connects the larynx & the lungs in frog (left & right bronchi) while the trachea & lungs in human
Bronchus
43
2 parts of Bronchus
Cartilaginous ring Membranous structure
44
3 bronchi
Primary Bronchi Secondary " Tertiary "
45
- mantle-like structure that can be lifted leaving a gap between the cricoid & cartilaginous ring
Membranous structure
46
- encircle the upper border of the pulmonary sac, or lung
Cartilaginous ring
47
at the of each bronchiole are
alveoli
48
branches into smaller tubes called
Bronchioles
49
grape like structures
Alveoli
50
Ciliated psuedostratified columnar
Trachea
51
cone-shaped, bulbous sac occupying the forward end of the pleuroperitoneal cavity
Lungs
52
Lungs covered by a membrane called
pleura
53
Sac in the lungs
Bulbous sac
54
Associated structures of Lungs
Alveolar sacs Alveoli
55
grape-like outpouchings at each alveolar sac where actual gas exchange takes place between capillary blood & alveoli
Alveoli
56
-functional unit of lungs
Alveoli
57
- small air pockets in lungs
Alveolar sacs
58
breakdown of alveoli
Emphysema
59
FLOW OF AIR
Nasal Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Alveoli of Lungs
60
Occurs through simple diffusion (from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration)
FLOW OF OXYGEN & CARBON DIOXIDE
61
FLOW OF CO2
Carbon dioxide Blood cells Tissue fluids Alveoli of lungs
62
FLOW OF OXYGEN
Oxygen Alveoli of lungs Tissue fluids Blood cells
63
(from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration)
simple diffusion
64
exchange of gases between the alveoli & pulmonary blood capillaries
External respiration or pulmonary gas exchange
65
2 stages of Respiration
External / pulmonary gas exchange Internal / systematic gas exchange
66
takes place via vascular membranes w/ thin moist epithelia
External respiration or pulmonary gas exchange
67
exchange of gases between systemic blood capillaries & tissue cells
Internal Respiration or systemic gas exchange
68
transported by combining with hemoglobin (oxygen-carrier) to form oxyhemoglobin (bright red arterial blood)
Transport of Oxygen
69
(oxygen-carrier)
Hemoglobin
70
(bright red arterial blood)
oxyhemoglobin
71
Transport of Carbon Dioxide 2 ways:
1) by combining with hemoglobin 2) by combining with bicarbonate ion
72
TRANSPORT OF RESPIRATORY GASES
Transport of Carbon Dioxide Transport of Oxygen
73
A system of providing fresh air (Wébster, 1969) Also called breathing
Ventilation
74
2 phases of Ventilation
Inhalation/Inspiration Exhalation/ Expiration
75
Intake of air
Inhalation
76
occurs when alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure
Inhalation
77
- occurs when alveolar pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure
Exhalation
78
outflow of air
Exhalation
79
MECHANISM OF BREATHING (INHALATION)
Contracts closer and flattens diaphragm Enlarge Below into Inflate
80
MECHANISM OF BREATHING (EXHALATION)
relaxed away and curve diaphragm Reduced higher away Deflate

ZOOLEC FINALS (6 decks)

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