Executive Functioning

Question 1

Buffer systems:
- Phonological confusion (Cards sound similar or diff)
- Visual confusion (Visually similar short names vs Visually dissimilar long names)

Answer 1

• 4-12 years (6 years is border)
• 5 and 10 years

Question 2

Dimensional change card sorting task (DCCS):
- Sets of cards w/ doff colours and shapes + a rule and changed rule

Answer 2

• 3 years - Struggled w/ shifting
• 4 years - As bad as 3 w/ card sorting, as good as 5 for causality version
• 5 years - Little trouble shifting

Question 3

Conflict tasks
- Bear/Dragon task (Simon says)
- Less is more task (Point at smaller stim; symbolic distance)
- Marshmallow task

Answer 3

• ??
• 3 years (Jellybeans present - Hot EF, symbolically distant - Cold EF)
• Choosing for yourself - Hot EF, Choosing for experimenter, Cold EF

Question 4

Marshmallow task:
- Initial interpretation
- Recent interpretations

Answer 4

Delay of gratification and willpower leads to life achievement and success

SES and material education affects delay of gratification and later life achievement
- Rational response to enviros that are unreliable

Question 5

Hot vs Cold executive functioning

Answer 5

Hot: High stakes situations
Cold: Just have to determine right answer

Question 6

Correlations between inhibitory control and false-belief tasks

Answer 6

• Must inhibit reality state to represent false belief state
• Improvement on inhibitory control leads to better performance on false belief tasks
• Variance in performance explained by conflict tasks rather than delay tasks (common feature is WM demands)