EXM 1 Skin

Question 1

Nails are made of_____.

Answer 1

Keratin

Question 2

Hypooxygenation causes what in nails

Answer 2

clubbing

Question 3

What layer of the skin does not have blood vessels?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

Superficial most outer layer of skin

Answer 4

Epidermis

Question 5

4 cell types that make up Epidermis

Answer 5

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhan Cells, Merkel Cells

Question 6

Which layer of skin does not contain blood vessels?

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

Protein sheet separating Epidermis from Dermis

Answer 7

Basement Membrane

Question 8

Layer of skin that has thick connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and glands

Answer 8

Dermis

Question 9

Layer of skin that has fat

Answer 9

Hypodermis

Question 10

What does skin thickness vary by?

Answer 10

Location and age

Question 11

Principle cell type of epidermis

Answer 11

keratinocyte

Question 12

5 layers of strata

Answer 12

stratum germinativum
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 13

Layer of strata that is surface of skin

Answer 13

stratum corneum

Question 14

layer of strata only present in thick skin (palms, soles)

Answer 14

stratum lucidum

Question 15

layer of strata with granular appearance, has 3-5 layer of flattened keratinocytes

Answer 15

stratum granulosum

Question 16

cytoplasmic production of keratin begins in this strata layer. “prickle cells”

Answer 16

stratum spinosum

Question 17

layer of strata that has cell division

Answer 17

stratum germinativum

Question 18

Cells that produce pigment to protect us from radiation

Answer 18

melanocytes

Question 19

What differs in melanocytes between light and dark complected people?

Answer 19

amount of melanin produced (larger melanosomes), melanocytes do not differ nor do the amount.

Question 20

what is melanin synthesized by?

Answer 20

amino acid tyrosinase

Question 21

Immune antigen presenting cells in epidermis

Answer 21

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

Question 22

epidermal cell that is derived from monocyte and generated in bone marrow

Answer 22

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

Question 23

cells involved in contact hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 23

Langerhan/ Dendritic cells

Question 24

Epidermal cells that establish contact with somatosensory afferent neurons

Answer 24

merkel cells

Question 25

epidermal cells that serve as receptors for LIGHT TOUCH, discrimination of shapes and textures

Answer 25

merkel cells

Question 26

Where are Merkel cells most abundant?

Answer 26

in sensitive area of the skin - fingertips, lips, genitalia

Question 27

where are Merkel cells located in the epidermis?

Answer 27

strata germinativum

Question 28

Site of blister formation

Answer 28

Basement Membrane

Question 29

Separates Epidermis from subcutaneous layer of fat

Answer 29

Dermis

Question 30

Major component of connective tissue in Dermis

Answer 30

Collagen type 1

Question 31

Why is scar tissue not flexible?

Answer 31

It is predominately cartilage

Question 32

How are fibers arranges in the papillary dermis?

Answer 32

irregular

Question 33

How are fibers arranges in the reticular dermis?

Answer 33

tightly bundles in a fascicle like pattern

Question 34

orientation of reticular dermis collagen fibers results in _____.

Answer 34

Langer's Lines

Question 35

Incisions have the best cosmetic outcome when made ______ to langer's lines

Answer 35

parallel

Question 36

Function of lymphatic vessels in dermis

Answer 36

remove interstitial fluid, contribute to immune defense

Question 37

What plexus is responsible for the pink color of your skin?

Answer 37

sub papillary plexus- perfuses the dermal papilla

Question 38

mechanoreceptor that mediates LIGHT TOUCH and pressure

Answer 38

messier corpuscles

Question 39

mechanoreceptor that mediates pressure, touch and vibration sensation

Answer 39

pacinian corpuscle

Question 40

mechanoreceptor that responds to stretching and distortion of skin

Answer 40

ruffian's corpuscles

Question 41

mechanoreceptor located in the papillary dermis

Answer 41

messier corpuscles

Question 42

mechanoreceptors located in the reticular dermis

Answer 42

ruffian's corpuscles, pacinian corpuscle

Question 43

sensory receptors that synapse with sensory neurons

Answer 43

mechanoreceptors

Question 44

sensory nerve receptors that respond to potentially damaging stimuli

Answer 44

nociceptors

Question 45

receptors that transmit temperature, pain, and itch sensations

Answer 45

nociceptors

Question 46

How is a nociceptor signal sent?

Answer 46

by sensory nerve fibers to CNS through the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia

Question 47

lowest level of pain

Answer 47

itch

Question 48

nociceptor signals are enhanced by what 3 substances?

Answer 48

prostaglandins, kinin system, substance p

Question 49

where to nociceptors terminate?

Answer 49

in the papillary dermis and around hair follicles

Question 50

dermal immune cells that have role in wound healing, blood clotting, and inflammation

Answer 50

dermal dendritic cells (langerhans cells)

Question 51

in dermis, these cells stimulate hypersensitivity reactions/ allergic reactions

Answer 51

mast cells

Question 52

mast cells secrete ______ in allergic response

Answer 52

histamine

Question 53

histamine release causes what 3 things?

Answer 53

inflammation, swelling, and vasodilation

Question 54

Sweat glands that open directly onto skin surface

Answer 54

Eccrine

Question 55

Sweat glands that open into hair follicle

Answer 55

Apocrine

Question 56

Why is body odor produced?

Answer 56

when bacteria metabolize fatty acid they cause body odor

Question 57

purpose of apocrine glands

Answer 57

to prevent bacterial growth

Question 58

Where are sebaceous glands not found?

Answer 58

palms, soles, side of feet

Question 59

What is included in the pilosebaceous unit

Answer 59

hair, sebaceous gland, arrestor pili muscle- enclosed in collagen sheath

Question 60

Hair is composed of _____.

Answer 60

keratin

Question 61

fine, fetal hair

Answer 61

lanugo hair

Question 62

fine, pre-pubertal body hair

Answer 62

Vellus hair

Question 63

course, mature hair

Answer 63

Terminal hair

Question 64

90% of hair follicles are in this hair cycle?

Answer 64

Anagen

Question 65

hair cycle for active growth

Answer 65

Anagen

Question 66

1% of hair in this cycle of hair growth, hair is loosely attached

Answer 66

Catagen

Question 67

10% of hair in this cycle, no growth

Answer 67

Telogen

Question 68

Losing more hair than normal can be sign of _____.

Answer 68

Hypothyroidism

Question 69

layer of strata (epidermis) the cuticle is

Answer 69

stratum corneum