Exotic Pharm Flashcards
(36 cards)
What animals have a renal portal system?
bird, fish, amphib and reptiles
What is the renal portal system
Posterior venous return goes through cap bed in kidney before going to the heart. Don inj in HL!
Where can IO injections be placed?
- g. trochanter
- PX humerus
- PX tibia - only option inbirds due to pneumatic F and H
What is the only place for IM inj in birds?
Pectorals
Which jugular vein is usually present in birds?
R
What muscle in snake is most app for IM inj?
epaxial
What IV vein is accessible in snakes?
Tail vein, GA usually first
Why must anti-biotics not be administered enterally to herbivores?
Destroy bacterial lining of stomach
What is the most commonly used anti-b in small mammals?
Baytril
What is the problem with baytril usage?
FQ resistance is increasing
Can birds have FQs?
Risk necrosis is given IM
Why must penecillins be given regularly to birds?
V high MB, and penicillin quickly excreted
Why must penecillins be given regularly to birds?
V high MB, and penicillin quickly excreted
What should be used to treat chlamydiosis?
Tetracycline
What is the only licensed anti-biotic for reptiles?
Baytril
Why is analgesia difficult in reptile?
- hard to recognise
- large poss range of MB depending on temp
- huge species variation
Name 4 categories of analgesics
- local anaesthetics
- opoids
- steroids
- NSAIDs
Name a local analgaesic licensed for exotic spp
Lidocaine
Name a local analgaesic licensed for exotic spp
Lidocaine
Opoids block pain centrally at different receptors. What receptor is targeted in small mammals/C&D analgesia?
Mu receptors
What opoid receptors are birds sensitive to?
Kappa
Name 2 Mu agonists
Morphine and Butorphenol
Name 2 Mu agonists
Morphine and Butorphenol
Buprenorphine ceiling effect
- High affinity @ mu and kappa receptors
* additional doses only inc side effects, not analgesic effect
