Flashcards in Experiments Deck (40):
0
What is Reliability?
The consistency of findings; how much they can be trusted and reproduced.
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What is Validity?
How accurate or true something is: if it measures what it claims.
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What is Internal Reliability?
How consistently a method measures within itself.
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What is External Reliability?
How consistently a method measures over time when repeated.
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What is Internal Validity?
Whether the results in the study were due to the variables suggested.
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What is External Validity?
Whether the results can be generalised if conducted in different environments or using different participants.
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What is Ecological Validity?
Whether a test is representative of naturally occurring behaviour.
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What is Intra-Rater Reliability?
The consistency of one researchers behaviour.
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What is Inter-Rater Reliability?
The consistency between two or more researchers working on the same study.
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What is Face Validity?
Whether the study measures what it sets out to measure.
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What is Concurrent Validity?
When new test scores are correlated with previously established scores.
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What are Experimenter Variables?
Confounding variables applying to the experimenter themselves.
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What are Participant Variables?
Extraneous variables related to the individual characteristics of the participant.
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What are Extraneous Variables?
Undesired variables which affect the DV, of which are not the IV.
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What does Single Blind mean?
Where the participants aren't aware of the investigation aims.
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What does Double Blind mean?
Where the participant and experimenter are unaware of the investigations aims.
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What is a Repeated Measures Design?
Where 1 participant group take part in both conditions of the experiment.
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What is a Independent Measures Design?
Where 2 groups of participants take part in 1 condition of the experiment each.
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What is a Matches Pairs Design?
Where participants are matches on similarities/characteristics and the take part in the conditions.
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What is a Field Experiment?
An investigation in a natural environment.
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What is a Natural Experiment?
An experiment carried out in a lab or field, but with a naturally occurring IV.
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What is a Lab Experiment?
An experiment carried out in a controlled environment.
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What are Order Effects?
How the order of tasks effect the DV.
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What are Practise Effects?
The effects on the DV which occur when a participant has experience of the task.
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What are Fatigue Effects?
If a participant performs worse when exhausted or tied of doing one previously.
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What is a Experiment?
A procedure which tries to test a hypothesis.
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Two positives and negatives of Natural Experiments?
+ ecologically valid, more ethical
- less control, extraneous variables mean lack in internal validity
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Two positives and negatives of Lab Experiments
+ well controlled, easy to replicated/reliable
- low ecological validity, internal validity lacks
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Two positives and negatives of Field Experiments
+ high ecological validity, no demand characteristics
- confounding variables, hard to conclude cause and effect
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Positives and negatives of IMD
+ no fatigue effects, lack of demand characteristics
- individual differences can effect results
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Positives and negatives of RMD
+ fewer participants, participant variables minimised
- fatigue effects, demand characteristics
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Positives and negatives of MPD
+ no fatigue effects, individual differences reduced
- time consuming, expensive
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What are Confounding Variables?
Extraneous variables which cannot be controlled.
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What is Operationalisation?
To define the variables and make the hypothesis testable.
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What is a Research Hypothesis?
A general predication.
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What is an Experimental Hypothesis?
A hypothesis with enough detail to carry out an investigation on.
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What do Experimental Hypothesis' usually start with?
"There will be a difference in..."
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What is a Null Hypothesis?
A hypothesis that predicts no difference or accepts no change.
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What do Null Hypothesis' usually start with?
"There is no significant difference between..."
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