Experiments

Question 0

What is Validity?

Answer 0

How accurate or true something is: if it measures what it claims.

Question 1

What is Reliability?

Answer 1

The consistency of findings; how much they can be trusted and reproduced.

Question 2

What is Internal Reliability?

Answer 2

How consistently a method measures within itself.

Question 3

What is External Reliability?

Answer 3

How consistently a method measures over time when repeated.

Question 4

What is Internal Validity?

Answer 4

Whether the results in the study were due to the variables suggested.

Question 5

What is External Validity?

Answer 5

Whether the results can be generalised if conducted in different environments or using different participants.

Question 6

What is Ecological Validity?

Answer 6

Whether a test is representative of naturally occurring behaviour.

Question 7

What is Intra-Rater Reliability?

Answer 7

The consistency of one researchers behaviour.

Question 8

What is Inter-Rater Reliability?

Answer 8

The consistency between two or more researchers working on the same study.

Question 9

What is Face Validity?

Answer 9

Whether the study measures what it sets out to measure.

Question 10

What is Concurrent Validity?

Answer 10

When new test scores are correlated with previously established scores.

Question 11

What are Experimenter Variables?

Answer 11

Confounding variables applying to the experimenter themselves.

Question 12

What are Participant Variables?

Answer 12

Extraneous variables related to the individual characteristics of the participant.

Question 13

What are Extraneous Variables?

Answer 13

Undesired variables which affect the DV, of which are not the IV.

Question 14

What does Single Blind mean?

Answer 14

Where the participants aren’t aware of the investigation aims.

Question 15

What does Double Blind mean?

Answer 15

Where the participant and experimenter are unaware of the investigations aims.

Question 16

What is a Repeated Measures Design?

Answer 16

Where 1 participant group take part in both conditions of the experiment.

Question 17

What is a Independent Measures Design?

Answer 17

Where 2 groups of participants take part in 1 condition of the experiment each.

Question 18

What is a Matches Pairs Design?

Answer 18

Where participants are matches on similarities/characteristics and the take part in the conditions.

Question 19

What is a Field Experiment?

Answer 19

An investigation in a natural environment.

Question 20

What is a Natural Experiment?

Answer 20

An experiment carried out in a lab or field, but with a naturally occurring IV.

Question 21

What is a Lab Experiment?

Answer 21

An experiment carried out in a controlled environment.

Question 22

What are Order Effects?

Answer 22

How the order of tasks effect the DV.

Question 23

What are Practise Effects?

Answer 23

The effects on the DV which occur when a participant has experience of the task.

Question 24

What are Fatigue Effects?

Answer 24

If a participant performs worse when exhausted or tied of doing one previously.

Question 25

What is a Experiment?

Answer 25

A procedure which tries to test a hypothesis.

Question 26

Two positives and negatives of Natural Experiments?

Answer 26

+ ecologically valid, more ethical | - less control, extraneous variables mean lack in internal validity

Question 27

Two positives and negatives of Lab Experiments

Answer 27

+ well controlled, easy to replicated/reliable | - low ecological validity, internal validity lacks

Question 28

Two positives and negatives of Field Experiments

Answer 28

+ high ecological validity, no demand characteristics | - confounding variables, hard to conclude cause and effect

Question 29

Positives and negatives of IMD

Answer 29

+ no fatigue effects, lack of demand characteristics | - individual differences can effect results

Question 30

Positives and negatives of RMD

Answer 30

+ fewer participants, participant variables minimised | - fatigue effects, demand characteristics

Question 31

Positives and negatives of MPD

Answer 31

+ no fatigue effects, individual differences reduced | - time consuming, expensive

Question 32

What are Confounding Variables?

Answer 32

Extraneous variables which cannot be controlled.

Question 33

What is Operationalisation?

Answer 33

To define the variables and make the hypothesis testable.

Question 34

What is a Research Hypothesis?

Answer 34

A general predication.

Question 35

What is an Experimental Hypothesis?

Answer 35

A hypothesis with enough detail to carry out an investigation on.

Question 36

What do Experimental Hypothesis' usually start with?

Answer 36

"There will be a difference in..."

Question 37

What is a Null Hypothesis?

Answer 37

A hypothesis that predicts no difference or accepts no change.

Question 38

What do Null Hypothesis' usually start with?

Answer 38

"There is no significant difference between..."

Question 39

What is a One Tailed Hypothesis?

Answer 39

You direct the change, "increase" or "decrease".