export_applied ruminant nutrition

Question 1

Macrominerals

Answer 1

Calcium, Phosphorus, Mg, K, Sulfur, Na, Cl

Question 2

Microminerals

Answer 2

Manganese, Cu, Zn, Iron, Selenium, Cobalt, iodine

Question 3

most important microminerals in ruminant nutrition?

Answer 3

copper, zinc, selenium

Question 4

Best and worse sources of Calcium for ruminants?

Answer 4

Best: legumes
Worse: Grass and corn

Question 5

Importance of PTH

Answer 5

stimulates osteoclasts, increases Ca absorption from gut reabsorption from kidney

Question 6

anti-PTH

Answer 6

calcitonin

Question 7

Ruminant Calcium importance?

Answer 7

skeletal growth, muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulses

Question 8

Phosphorus importance in ruminants

Answer 8

skeletal growth, energy metabolism, production

Question 9

T or F: Phosphorus is biologically active.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Phosphorus is high in:

Answer 10

concentrates (corn, grain, oats) and by-products

Question 11

Environmental issues of Phosphorus

Answer 11

washed into rivers and lakes, increases algae production and consequences

Question 12

Magnesium importance in ruminants

Answer 12

rumen cell fermentation, nerve conduction, skeletal growth

Question 13

Inadequate levels of magnesium in ruminants can cause?

Answer 13

depressed fiber digestion (d/t poor rumen fermentation)

Question 14

T or F: Diets high in K should also be increased in Mg due to potassium interference.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Lush, rapidly growing cereal grains are (high, low) in Mg.

Answer 15

low

Question 16

Mg effect on PTH?

Answer 16

blunts PTH secretion when low

Question 17

Imortance of K in ruminants?

Answer 17

maintains acid-base relationships, nerve impulses, co-factor in several enzyme systems

Question 18

K is found high in:

Answer 18

crops fertilized with manure

Question 19

K is found to be low in:

Answer 19

brewers and distillers grains (by-products)

Question 20

Importance of sulfur for ruminants?

Answer 20

essential for synthesis of AAs by microbes and B vitamins thiamin and biotin

Question 21

Which mineral is especially important when feeding NPN?

Answer 21

sulfur

Question 22

Where is sulfur found in ruminant diet?

Answer 22

by-products and well-water

Question 23

T or F: Ruminants are poor conservers of sodium and must be provided free choice and force fed.

Answer 23

False; ruminants conserve sodium well

Question 24

Microminerals are important for ________ response in ruminants.

Answer 24

immune

Question 25

Higher rainfall will result in (higher, lower) selenium.

Answer 25

lower

Question 26

Which minerals interfere with copper?

Answer 26

sulfur, iron, molybdenum, zinc

Question 27

Where do most B, C, and K vitamins come from for ruminants?

Answer 27

rumen microbes usually make most 

Question 28

B12 will be adequate if _____ is supplemented.

Answer 28

Cobalt

Question 29

Importance of Vit B3 in ruminants?

Answer 29

enhances mobilization of fat

Question 30

High producing cows may benefit from _____. 

Answer 30

biotin

Question 31

Sources of thiamin?

Answer 31

bracken fern, raw fish

Question 32

Which vitamins are supplemented in ruminant rations?

Answer 32

A, D, E

Question 33

Importance of Vitamin E to ruminants?

Answer 33

immune function, antioxidant, cell membranes

Question 34

Vitamin E has interaction with ____ to maintain integrity of tissues.

Answer 34

selenium

Question 35

How is Vitamin E important for immunity?

Answer 35

"killing" ability of PMNs

Question 36

Enzyme responsible for preventing white muscle disease?

Answer 36

glutathione peroxidase enzyme

Question 37

White muscle disease is directly related to a deficiency in:

Answer 37

Selenium and Vitamin E

Question 38

Periparturient Hypocalcemia

Answer 38

milk fever

Question 39

Symptoms of milk fever?

Answer 39

down, wobbly/staggering

Question 40

Why are Jerseys more prone to milk fever?

Answer 40

put more Ca in colostrum/milk and fewer receptors for PTH

Question 41

T or F: Giving Calcium can help prevent milk fever.

Answer 41

False; body begins to rely on GI tract for Ca

Question 42

How can you help prevent milk fever?

Answer 42

decrease Ca, DCAD, anionic salts 

Question 43

Treatment of milk fever?

Answer 43

oral Ca, IV Ca

Question 44

Effect of high K+ on Mg absorption?

Answer 44

Mg absorption is inhibited if K+ too high

Question 45

Ruminant Ketosis symptoms

Answer 45

off feed, listless, sweet smell to breath

Question 46

Type I ketosis

Answer 46

spontaneous underfeeding; good prognosis; supplement with energy (3-6 wks after calving)

Question 47

Type II Ketosis:

Answer 47

fat cows fatty liver; poor prognosis; high glucose in blood b/c insulin resistant (1-2 wks after calving)

Question 48

Butyric Acid Silage

Answer 48

ketosis caused by wet silages; feeding cows ketones, food from back of silo; good prognosis

Question 49

Treatment for Type I Ketosis

Answer 49

IV dextrose

Question 50

Treatment for Type II ketosis

Answer 50

oral glucose precursors

Question 51

Prevention of ruminant ketosis?

Answer 51

NEFA, BHBA, DMI

Question 52

Displaced Abomasum symptoms

Answer 52

off feed, ketosis, abdominal distention

Question 53

Causes of DA

Answer 53

nutrition, prior health problems

Question 54

Tx of DA

Answer 54

medical, roll and tack, surgery

Question 55

Prevention of DA?

Answer 55

prevent predisposing illness, nutrition (energy, fiber)