Eye Anatomy

Question 1

what 2 structures come through the optic canal?

Answer 1

optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Question 2

what 5 things go through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 2

III
IV
V1
VI
superior opthalmic veins

Question 3

what passes through the ethmoidal foramina?

Answer 3

ethmoidal nerves/vessels

Question 4

name the three layers surrounding the eye from outer to inner

Answer 4

sclera
choroid
retina

Question 5

what layer of the eye makes the white outer layer?

Answer 5

sclera

Question 6

what does the sclera form in the anterior portion of the eye?

Answer 6

cornea

Question 7

what is special about the cornea?

Answer 7

highest density of pain receptors in the body

Question 8

what does the choroid mainly contain in the middle layer around the eye?

Answer 8

vascular parts to provide oxygen and nutrients to eye

Question 9

what does the choroid become at anterior part of eye?

Answer 9

ciliary body/muscle

Question 10

what comes off of the ciliary body/muscle?

Answer 10

zonular fibers

Question 11

what is the fxn of the zonular fibers that come off the ciliary body that comes from the choroid?

Answer 11

these are tendon like structures in charge of controlling the shape of the lens

Question 12

in addition to the zonular fibers, what else does the ciliary body connect to?

Answer 12

the iris of the eye

Question 13

name the two muscles that control the iris of the eye

Answer 13

pupillary sphincter muscle

pupillary dilator muscle

Question 14

what controls the pupillary sphincter muscle? what does it cause?

Answer 14

parasympathetic control from CN III…pupillary constriction

Question 15

what controls the pupillary dilator muscle? what does it cause?

Answer 15

sympathetic control…pupillary dilation

Question 16

what does the retina contain?

Answer 16

ganglion cells that are mainly responsible for vision

Question 17

what is just lateral to the optic disc?

Answer 17

macula of the retina

Question 18

what is the macula of the retina?

Answer 18

area of intense visual acuity

Question 19

name the four layers that light passes through before focusing on the retina

Answer 19

cornea
aqueous humor
lens
vitreous body

Question 20

what are tarsal plates?

Answer 20

bands of dense connective tissue that provide structure and support to the eyelids

Question 21

what do tarsal plates have in them to help lubricate the eyelid?

Answer 21

tarsal glands

Question 22

what is the layer that covers the eye externally?

Answer 22

palperbral conjuctiva

Question 23

name the two parts of the conjunctiva

Answer 23

palperbral and bulbar

Question 24

inflammation of the conjuctiva leads to what?

Answer 24

conjunctivitis

Question 25

what is the fxn of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 25

closes eyelid

Question 26

what is the innervation of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 26

facial nerve CN VII

Question 27

what is the muscle that lifts the eyelid?

Answer 27

levator palpebrae superiosis

Question 28

what is the innervation of the levator palpebrae superiosis?

Answer 28

CN III

Question 29

where does the tendon of the levator palpebrae superiosis attach?

Answer 29

tarsal plate of the eyelid

Question 30

what is the action of the superior tarsal?

Answer 30

it helps lift the upper eyelid

Question 31

what is the innervation of the superior tarsal?

Answer 31

sympathetic nerves

Question 32

name the three muscles in charge of movement of the eyelid

Answer 32

orbicularis oris levator palpebrae superiosis and superior tarsal

Question 33

where does the lacrimal gland reside?

Answer 33

the lateral aspect of the orbit

Question 34

what does the lacrimal gland secrete?

Answer 34

tears

Question 35

what innervates the lacrimal gland?

Answer 35

greater petrosal nerve, a branch of facial nerve

Question 36

where do eye tears drain into?

Answer 36

nasolacrimal sac into the duct

Question 37

name the six muscles of the eye

Answer 37

superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus and superior and inferior oblique

Question 38

what nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

Answer 38

CN VI

Question 39

what nerve innervates the medial rectus?

Answer 39

CN III

Question 40

what nerve innervates the superior rectus?

Answer 40

CN III

Question 41

what nerve innervates the inferior rectus?

Answer 41

CN III

Question 42

what nerve innervates the superior oblique?

Answer 42

CN IV

Question 43

what nerve innervates the inferiror oblique?

Answer 43

CN III

Question 44

where do the majority of the eye muscles come from?

Answer 44

common tendinous ring

Question 45

what is the one eye muscle that does not originate from the common tendinous ring? where does it originate then?

Answer 45

inferior oblique...from the medial aspect of the orbit

Question 46

the superior rectus causes what eye movements?

Answer 46

moves it up and in

Question 47

the inferior rectus causes what eye movement?

Answer 47

moves it down and in

Question 48

the superior oblique causes what eye movements?

Answer 48

moves it down and out

Question 49

the inferior oblique causes what eye movement?

Answer 49

moves it up and out

Question 50

what is the main artery that feeds the eye?

Answer 50

opthalmic arteyr

Question 51

what does the opthalmic artery branch from?

Answer 51

internal carotid artery

Question 52

what is the one branch of the opthalmic artery to know?

Answer 52

central retinal artery

Question 53

where do the veins of the eye drain?

Answer 53

into the cavernous sinus

Question 54

what are the three actions of the occulomotor nerve?

Answer 54

innervates 4 eye muscles, innervates levator palpebrae superior and sends parasympathetic nerves to the eye

Question 55

what is the action of the facial nerve in the eye?

Answer 55

parasympathetic stimulation of the lacrimal gland

Question 56

what is the action of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in the eye?

Answer 56

gives sensory info to eye and orbit

Question 57

what is the branch of the opthalmic V1 division of trigeminal that gives sensation to the eyeball/cornea?

Answer 57

nasociliary nerve

Question 58

pupillary constriction and lens accomodation is sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 58

parasympathetic

Question 59

pupillary dilation and superior tarsal muscle innervation is parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation?

Answer 59

sympathetic