Infectious Neuropath

Question 1

where does bacterial meningitis infection focus?

Answer 1

subarachnoid space

Question 2

what happens to leptomeninges appearance in bacterial meningits?

Answer 2

cloudy/opaque appearance

Question 3

what happens to blood vessels in subarachnoid space with bacterial meningitis?

Answer 3

swollen

Question 4

what is the most common starting point for bacterial meningitis to spread from directly?

Answer 4

frontal sinuses

Question 5

what is it called when bacterial meningitis occurs from blood?

Answer 5

bacteremia

Question 6

name three neonate causes of bacterial meningitis

Answer 6

group B strep
e coli
listeria

Question 7

name three child causes of bacterial meningitis

Answer 7

H flu
strep pneumo
n meningitis

Question 8

name two adult bacterial meningitis causes

Answer 8

N meningitidis and strep pneumo

Question 9

what is onset time for subacute meningitis?

Answer 9

weeks to months

Question 10

what are symptoms of subacute meningitis?

Answer 10

fever headache meningismus and altered mental status

Question 11

name three bugs to know for subacute meningitis

Answer 11

TB
cryptococcus
spirochetes

Question 12

what are the spirochetes that can cause subacute meningitis?

Answer 12

syphilis and lyme disease

Question 13

what is a non infectious cause of sub acute meningitis?

Answer 13

sarcoidosis

Question 14

what portion of brain does TB involve?

Answer 14

base of brain

Question 15

what does TB form in brain?

Answer 15

granulomas

Question 16

what two things can reactivated TB lead to in brain?

Answer 16

tuberculoma and tuberculous meningitis

Question 17

what is a tuberculoma?

Answer 17

huge mass…leads to mass effect and tissue destruction

Question 18

what is tuberculous meningiis?

Answer 18

regular meningitis symptoms…cranial nerve issues, meningeal fibrosis and arteritis

Question 19

what cells will you see in granulomas of TB in brain?

Answer 19

giant cells are common

Question 20

what type of patient common to get cryptococcus meningitis?

Answer 20

immunocomp

Question 21

what changes to meninges does cryptococcus meningitis cause?

Answer 21

meninges thickened and opicifiec with slimy consistency

Question 22

what do you find in brain tissue of brain from cryptococcus meningitis?

Answer 22

sopa bubbles or cysts in intraparenchymal

Question 23

what three ways can brain abscesses form?

Answer 23

direct extension from sinuses/middle ear
or
implantation from trauma
or bacteremia

Question 24

what two locations are common for direct extension leading to brain abscess?

Answer 24

paranasal sinus and middle ear/mastoid cells

Question 25

bacteremia leads to one or multiple brain abscesses?

Answer 25

multiple usually at white/gray matter jxn

Question 26

what does brain abscess cause in brain?

Answer 26

mass effect

Question 27

what is the mass effect in the brain?

Answer 27

headache nausea vomiting from ICP increase...risk of herniation

Question 28

what is encephalitis?

Answer 28

diffuse inflammation of brain or brain and spinal cord

Question 29

what is inflammation of brain and spinal cord called?

Answer 29

encephalomyeltlis

Question 30

what is most common cause of encephalitis?

Answer 30

viruses

Question 31

what viruses are common in encephalitis?

Answer 31

``` HSV1/2 Polio Coxsackivirus arboviruses HIV Rabies enteroviruses ```

Question 32

what three pathology findings does encephalitis lead to?

Answer 32

necrosis or hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue perivascular chronic inflammation viral inclusions

Question 33

what is perivascular inflammation in encephalitis?

Answer 33

area around brain vessels is chronically inflammed with lots of cells surrounding it

Question 34

do you have stiff neck with meningitis or encephalitis?

Answer 34

meningitis

Question 35

what are main symptoms of viral encephalitis?

Answer 35

headache, coma, seizures, fever, lymphocytic infiltrates, brain necrosis

Question 36

what cells are active in encephalitis?

Answer 36

lymphocytes

Question 37

name two routes that can cause viral encephalitis?

Answer 37

axonal spread and viremia

Question 38

what viruses cause encephalitis by way of axon?

Answer 38

rabies | HSV1

Question 39

what viruses cause encephalitis by way of hematogenous spread?

Answer 39

enteroviruses and arboviruses

Question 40

HSV1 causes encephalitis where?

Answer 40

temporal and frontal lobes

Question 41

poliovirus causes encephalitis where?

Answer 41

anterior horn cells

Question 42

JC virus causes encephalitis where?

Answer 42

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 43

rabies causes encephalitis where?

Answer 43

hippocampus and cerebellum

Question 44

VZV causes encephalitis where?

Answer 44

dorsal root gangli

Question 45

what is inclusion in neurons called with rabies virus?

Answer 45

Negri bodies

Question 46

what are negri bodies?

Answer 46

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions seen in neurons with rabies

Question 47

what is cysticercosis?

Answer 47

parasitic cause of encephalitis

Question 48

what is parasite that causes cysticercosis?

Answer 48

taenia solium

Question 49

where do we get taenia solium?

Answer 49

pork tapeworm

Question 50

what does cysticercosis cause in the CNS?

Answer 50

cyst formation

Question 51

how do we get primary amebic meningoencephalitis?

Answer 51

swimming in fresh water with the amoebae...enters nasal cavity and then enters CNS through cribiform plate

Question 52

how to treat amebic meningoencephalitis?

Answer 52

amphotericin B

Question 53

what bug causes amebic meningoencephalitis?

Answer 53

Naegleria fowleri