Eye and Vision disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Eye and Vision disorders Deck (45)
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1
Q

anterior chamber

A

aqueous-containing space in the eye between the posterior (endothelial) cornea and the anterior iris and pupil

2
Q

aqueous humor

A

transparent nutrient-containing fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

3
Q

astigmatism

A

refractive error due to an irregularity in the curvature of the cornea

4
Q

binocular vision

A

normal ability of both eyes to focus on one object and fuse the two images into one

5
Q

blindness

A

inability to see, defined as corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or less, or a visual field of no more than 20 degrees in the better eye

6
Q

cataract

A

progressive opacity of the lens of the eye

7
Q

chemosis

A

edema of the conjunctiva

8
Q

diplopia

A

seeing one object as two; double vision

9
Q

ectropion

A

turning out of the lower eyelid

10
Q

emmetropia

A

normal refractive condition resulting in clear focus on retina; no optical defects

11
Q

endophthalmitis

A

intraocular infection

12
Q

entropion

A

turning in of the lower eyelid

13
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the eyeball and part of the optic nerve

14
Q

evisceration

A

removal of the intraocular contents through a corneal or scleral incision; the optic nerve, sclera, extraocular muscles, and sometimes the cornea are left intact

15
Q

exenteration

A

surgical removal of the entire contents of the orbit, surrounding soft tissue, and most or all of the eyelids

16
Q

glaucoma

A

group of conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure

17
Q

hyperemia

A

red eyes resulting from dilation of the vasculature of the conjunctiva

18
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness; light rays focus behind the retina

19
Q

hyphema

A

blood in the anterior chamber

20
Q

hypopyon

A

collection of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye

21
Q

injection

A

congestion of blood vessels

22
Q

keratoconus

A

cone-shaped deformity of the cornea

23
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness; light rays focus in front of the retina

24
Q

neovascularization

A

growth of abnormal new blood vessels

25
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary oscillation of the eyeball

26
Q

papilledeme

A

swelling of the optic disc usually due to increased intracranial pressure

27
Q

photophobia

A

ocular pain on exposure to light

28
Q

presbyopia

A

the loss of accommodative power in the lens due to age

29
Q

proptosis or exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

30
Q

ptosis

A

drooping eyelid

31
Q

refraction

A

determination of the refractive errors of the eye for the purpose of vision correction

32
Q

scotomas

A

blind or partially blind areas in the visual field

33
Q

sympathetic ophthalmia

A

an inflammatory condition created in the fellow eye by the affected eye

34
Q

trachoma

A

an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis—the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world

35
Q

trichiasis

A

turning in of the eyelashes

36
Q

vitreous humor

A

transparent, colorless gelatinous material that fills the vitreous chamber behind the lens

37
Q

Slit-Lamp Examination

A

binocular microscope used to examine the eye with magnification of 10 to 40 times the real image. Diagnosis or visualization of anemia, diabetic vascular symptoms and HTN

38
Q

Color Vision Testing

A

Testing the inability to differentiate between red and green can compromise traffic safety

39
Q

Amsler Grid

A

a geometric grid of identical squares with a central fixation point. The grid should be viewed by the patient wearing normal reading glasses.

40
Q

Ultrasonography

A

ultrasonography B-scan identifies pathology such as orbital tumors, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage.Lesions in the globe or the orbit may not be directly visible and are evaluated by ultrasonography.

41
Q

Low vision

A

Visional impairment the requires devices and strategies in addition to corrective lenses. Best corrected visual acuity 20/70 to 20/200.

42
Q

Blindness

A

Best corrected visual acuity 20/400 to no light perception. Best corrected visual acuity 20/200, widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less

43
Q

Topical anesthetics for eyes

A

1-2 drops of proparacaine hydrochloride (Ophthaine 0.5%) and tetracaine hydrochloride (Pontocaine 0.5%) used before diagnostic procedures: tonometry & minor ocular procedures such as removal of sutures or conjunctival or corneal scrapings. Used for severe eye pain.

44
Q

Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Agents for eyes

A

Affect the CNS. Mydriatics (relaxation of the ciliary muscle) and cycloplegics (paralyze the iris sphincter), combination to achieve the maximal dilation for surgery and fundus exam.

45
Q

Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma

A

Treat intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous production or increasing aqueous outflow.