Patients with Breast Disorders Flashcards Preview

Med Surg > Patients with Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Patients with Breast Disorders Deck (38)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

adjuvant chemotherapy:

A

the use of anticancer medications in addition to other treatments to delay or prevent a recurrence of the disease

2
Q

adjuvant hormonal therapy:

A

the use of synthetic hormones or other medications given after primary treatment to increase the chances of a cure by stopping or slowing the growth of certain cancers that are affected by hormone stimulation (sometimes called endocrine or antiestrogen therapy)

3
Q

aromatase inhibitors:

A

medications that block the production of estrogens by the adrenal glands

4
Q

atypical hyperplasia:

A

abnormal increase in the number of cells in a specific area within the ductal or lobular areas of the breast; this abnormal proliferation increases the risk for cancer

5
Q

benign proliferative breast disease:

A

various types of atypical, yet noncancerous, breast tissue that increase the risk of breast cancer

6
Q

brachytherapy:

A

delivery of radiation therapy through internal implants to a localized area of tissue

7
Q

BRCA1 and BRCA2:

A

genes on chromosome 17 that, when damaged or mutated, increase a woman’s risk for breast and/or ovarian cancer compared with women without the mutation

8
Q

breast conservation treatment:

A

surgery to remove a breast tumor and a margin of tissue around the tumor without removing any other part of the breast; may or may not include lymph node removal and radiation therapy

9
Q

dose-dense chemotherapy:

A

administration of chemotherapeutic agents at standard doses with shorter time intervals between each cycle of treatment

10
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS):

A

cancer cells starting in the ductal system of the breast but not penetrating surrounding tissue

11
Q

fibrocystic breast changes:

A

term used to describe certain benign changes in the breast, typically palpable nodularity, lumpiness, swelling, or pain

12
Q

fine-needle aspiration (FNA):

A

removal of fluid for diagnostic analysis from a cyst or cells from a mass using a needle and syringe

13
Q

gynecomastia:

A

firm, overdeveloped breast tissue typically seen in adolescent boys

14
Q

HER-2/neu:

A

a protein, when found in larger amounts, indicates an aggressive tumor

15
Q

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS):

A

atypical change and proliferation of the lobular cells of the breast

16
Q

lymphedema:

A

chronic swelling of an extremity due to interrupted lymphatic circulation, typically from an axillary lymph node dissection

17
Q

mammoplasty:

A

surgery to reconstruct or change the size or shape of the breast; can be performed for reduction or augmentation

18
Q

mastalgia:

A

breast pain, usually related to hormonal fluctuations or irritation of a nerve

19
Q

mastectomy:

A

removal of the breast tissue and nipple–areola complex

20
Q

mastitis:

A

inflammation or infection of the breast tissue in lactating mothers. Can occur in women that are not lactating

21
Q

modified radical mastectomy:

A

removal of the breast tissue, nipple–areola complex, and a portion of the axillary lymph nodes

22
Q

Paget disease:

A

form of breast cancer that begins in the ductal system and involves scaly changes in the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin

23
Q

sentinel lymph node:

A

first lymph node(s) in the lymphatic basin that receives drainage from the primary tumor in the breast; identified by a radioisotope and/or blue dye

24
Q

stereotactic core biopsy:

A

computer-guided method of core needle biopsy that is useful when masses or calcifications in the breast cannot be felt but can be visualized using mammography

25
Q

surgical biopsy:

A

surgical removal of all or a portion of a mass for microscopic examination by a pathologist

26
Q

transverse rectus abdominal myocutaneous (TRAM) flap:

A

method of breast reconstruction in which a flap of skin, fat, and muscle from the lower abdomen, with its attached blood supply, is rotated to the mastectomy site

27
Q

At what age should a female receive a mammogram?

A

45 years

28
Q

What are some causes for nipple discharge in non lactating women?

A

carcinoma, papilloma, pituitary adenoma, cystic breasts, and various medications

29
Q

What are fibroadenomas?

A

firm, round, movable, benign tumors

30
Q

In what structure does medullary carcinoma grow within breast tissue and what percentage of breast cancer does it account for?

A

tumors grow in a capsule inside a duct. Occurs in 5% of breast cancer.

31
Q

What percentage of breast cancer does mucinous carcinoma account for and what age do you see this type of cancer?

A

3%, post menopausal and over 75 years of age.

Tumor is slow growing.

32
Q

Paget Disease accounts for __% of diagnosed breast cancer.

A

1

33
Q

How does malignant cancer travel in the body?

A

Lymph system

34
Q

What adjunctive hormonal therapy is used to treat breast cancer?

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor modulator & Aromatase inhibitors

35
Q

What is a type of Selective Estrogen receptor modulator used to treat breast cancer?

A

tamoxifen (Soltamox)

36
Q

What are types of aromatase inhibitors used to treat breast cancer?

A

anastrozole (Arimidex)
letrozole (Femara)
exemestane (Aromasin)

37
Q

After a mastectomy, a patient will go home with drains. Can the patient take them out when they get home?

A

If output is less than 30 mL in 24hr period, approx. 7-10 days

38
Q

What percentage of breast cancer are males?

A

10%