Oncologic disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Oncologic disorders Deck (40)
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1
Q

alopecia

A

Hair loss

2
Q

anaplasia

A

pattern of growth in which cells lack normal characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin; usually, anaplastic cells are malignant

3
Q

angiogenesis

A

growth of new blood vessels that allow cancer cells to grow

4
Q

apoptosis

A

a normal cell mechanism of programmed cell death

5
Q

benign

A

not cancerous; benign tumors may grow but are unable to spread to other organs or body parts

6
Q

brachytherapy

A

delivery of radiation therapy through internal implants placed inside or adjacent to the tumor

7
Q

Cancer

A

a group of disorders characterized by abnormal cell proliferation, in which cells ignore growth-regulating signals in the surrounding environment

8
Q

carcinogenesis

A

rocess of transforming normal cells into malignant cells

9
Q

carcinogens

A

chemicals, physical factors, and other agents that cause cancer

10
Q

chemotherapy

A

the use of medications to kill tumor cells by interfering with cellular functions and reproduction`

11
Q

cytokines

A

substances produced primarily by cells of the immune system to enhance production and functioning of components of the immune system

12
Q

extravasation

A

leakage of intravenous medication from the veins into the subcutaneous tissues

13
Q

grading

A

identification of the type of tissue from which the tumor originated and the degree to which the tumor cells retain the functional and structural characteristics of the tissue of origin

14
Q

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

A

an immune response initiated by T lymphocytes of donor tissue against the recipient’s tissues (skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver); an undesirable response

15
Q

graft-versus-tumor effect

A

the donor immune cell response against the malignancy; a desirable response

16
Q

malignant:

A

having cells or processes that are characteristic of cancer

17
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant sites

18
Q

mucositis

A

inflammation of the lining of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract often associated with cancer therapies

19
Q

myelosuppression

A

suppression of the blood cell–producing function of the bone marrow

20
Q

nadir

A

lowest point of white blood cell depression after therapy that has toxic effects on the bone marrow

21
Q

neoplasia

A

uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physiologic demand; cancer

22
Q

neutropenia

A

abnormally low absolute neutrophil count

23
Q

oncology

A

field or study of cancer

24
Q

palliation

A

relief of symptoms and promotion of comfort and quality of life regardless of the disease stage

25
Q

precision medicine

A

using advances in research, technology, and policies to develop individualized plans of care to prevent and treat disease

26
Q

radiation therapy

A

the use of ionizing radiation to kill malignant cells

27
Q

staging

A

process of determining the extent of disease, including tumor size and spread or metastasis to distant sites

28
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the oral tissues, often associated with some chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy to the head and neck region.
Offer soft bristle tooth brush, Magic Mouth wash, ice chips if they’re not NPO

29
Q

targeted therapies

A

cancer treatments that seek to minimize the negative effects on healthy tissues by disrupting specific cancer cell functions (such as malignant transformation), metabolism, communication pathways, processes for growth and metastasis, and genetic coding

30
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decrease in the number of circulating platelets; associated with the potential for bleeding

31
Q

vesicant

A

substance that can cause inflammation, damage, and necrosis with extravasation from blood vessels and contact with tissues

32
Q

what are the etiologies involving cancer?

A

viruses and bacteria, physical agents, chemicals, genetic or familial factors, lifestyle factors, and hormones.

33
Q

Physical factors associated with carcinogenesis

A

exposure to sunlight, radiation, chronic irritation or inflammation, tobacco carcinogens, industrial chemicals and asbestos.

34
Q

Chemicals & hazardous factors whose toxic effects alter DNA

A

aromatic amines and aniline dyes; pesticides and formaldehydes; arsenic, soot, and tars; asbestos; benzene; cadmium; chromium compounds; nickel and zinc ores; wood dust; beryllium compounds; and polyvinyl chloride. Betel nut and lime.

35
Q

external radiation

A

most common radiation therapy. Precise, invisible beam that penetrates the body to target tumor.

36
Q

internal radiation

A

localized implantation or systemic radionuclide administration. Brachytherapy is the most common.

37
Q

Brachytherapy

A

placement of radioactive sources within or next to cancer site. Intense radiation.

38
Q

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

A

Used for solid tumors, malignancies. Bone marrow and umbilical cord blood is used to harvest stem cells to treat cancer by introducing stem cells to eradicate malignant cells

39
Q

Hyperthermia treatment

A

used in combination with chemotherapy to break down cell walls allowing the chemo to work more effectively on the cancer cells.

40
Q

Cancer Vaccine example

A

Cerarix (gardacil) HPV prophylaxis.