eye / ear conditions + drugs (final sg)

Question 1

visual acuity

Answer 1

ability to see sharp detail

Question 2

glaucoma

Answer 2

➺ high intraocular pressure
➺ second leading cause of blindness
➺ overproduction of aqueous humor (liquid in the front of our eyes maintaining pressure) or the blockage of its flow
➺ open angle (common): gradual, AH not draining properly, painless (SILENT THIEF)
➺ closed angle: edge of iris where AH drains (trabecular mesh) is narrowed or blocked, sudden
➺ both can cause blindness!

Question 3

symptoms of glaucoma

Answer 3

➺ OPEN ANGLE: gradual loss of peripheral vision, blurred / cloudy vision, eye pain, headaches, nausea
➺ CLOSED ANGLE: halos, severe eye pain, blurred vision, nausea

Question 4

macular degeneration

Answer 4

➺ age-related, severe and irreversible; cause of blindness in older adults
➺ symptoms may include blurred central vision, dull colors, and difficulty seeing in low light

Question 5

infectious disorders

Answer 5

➺ blepharitis: inflammation of eyelids
➺ hordeolum (stye): infection of the eyelids
➺ conjuctivitis: inflammation of conjunctiva
1.) acute bacterial (pinkeye)
2.) viral
3.) allergic
4.) trachoma (chlamydial)
➺ keratitis: inflammation of the cornea

Question 6

types of hearing loss

Answer 6

➺ conductive: impaired sound conduction from OUTER to INNER ear
EX: cerumen impaction, cholesteatoma (buildup of dead cells)
➺ sensorineural: impairment of organ of Corti or its central connections
EX: presbycusis (age-related hearing loss)

Question 7

ofloxacin

Answer 7

➺ antibiotic (fluoroquinolone) used to treat bacterial infections
➺ usually come in ear drop form for otitis externa and media infections

Question 8

ofloxacin instructions

Answer 8

➺ do not warm or chill eardrops; they should be room temperature upon application
➺ lie on your side or tilt your head to apply the eardrops
➺ stay in lying or tilted position for a few minutes to allow medication to be absorbed
➺ do not touch dropper tip to any part of the ear

Question 9

how to treat an ear impacted with cerumen

Answer 9

➺ earwax softening drops; similar application to oxfloxacin
➺ avoid using q-tips or pointy objects to clear out ears! use a wash cloth to clean the outside of the ear
➺ may require irrigation with special tools if ear is extremely impacted
➺ impaction may cause conductive hearing loss!