hiv, antifungal, anti-acne treatment (final sg) Flashcards
(14 cards)
selzentry
moa: selectively and reversibly binds to chemokine receptors on CD4 cells
➺ indications: used in treatment-experienced patients with evidence of viral replication + HIV-1 strains resistant to multiple therapies
➺ contra: renal dysfunction / disease, breastfeeding
➺ adverse effects: hepatotoxicity, allergic features
raltegravir
moa: integrase inhibitor, prevents integration of proviral gene into human DNA
➺ indication: treatment-experienced patient with virus that shows MDR + active replication
➺ contra: lactation, pre-term neonates, adjust for dec. hepatic / renal function
➺ adverse effects: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, immune reconstitution syndrome
acyclovir
➺ used mainly to suppress replication of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV
zidovudine
➺ “azidothymidine” (AZT)
➺ given to pregnant HIV women and newborn babies to prevent maternal transmission of the virus to the infant
➺ adverse effect: bone-marrow suppression
what is the most important thing a patient should know regarding HIV antiviral medications?
➺ these antiviral medications will slow the viral load, however this will not fully treat HIV or other viral infections
onychomycosis
➺ a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails
terbinafine (lamisil)
➺ used to treat superficial dermatologic infections (tinea)
➺ primarily used to treat ONYCHOMYCOSIS
amphotericin B
moa: binds to sterols in the cell membranes of fungi
➺ indications: severe systemic mycoses, candidal cystits, fungal infections within plueral and peritoneal cavities
➺ adverse effects: fever, chills, HYPOtension, TACHYcardia, malaise, muscle + joint pain, anorexia, NV, headache
➺ pretreatment with antipyretics / histamines / emetics + corticosteroids to decrease severity of insion
➺ IV TEST given over 20-30 minutes to see if patient can tolerate the drug
acne vulgaris
➺ most common skin disorder
➺ tetracyclines (micocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline) + oral contraceptives can be used to help treat acne
benzoyl peroxide
➺ bacterioCIDAL against P. acnes, slowly releases oxygen that creates an unfavorable environment for growth
➺ keratolytic (softens skin and loosens outer layer of skin)
➺ may cause skin peeling, redness, or warmth
➺ improvement in 4-6 weeks
➺ if blistering or swelling begins, STOP
clindamycin
➺ antibiotic to treat acne
➺ adverse reactions: local skin reactions, burning, itching, drying, oiliness, peeling
isotretinoin
➺ treatment for severe cystic acne
➺ inhibits sebaceous gland activity, antikeratinizing (anti-skin hardening) and anti-inflammatory
➺ PREGNANCY X, two forms of contraception required
➺ monitor for depression and suicidal ideations
tretinoin
➺ “retinoic acid”, “vitamin a”
➺ used to treat acne and reduce changes to skin from sun damage
➺ stimulates the overturning of epithelial cells resulting in skin peeling
➺ SEVERE SUNBURN can occur, must use sunscreen
➺ adverse effects: red and edematous blisters, crusted skin, temporary alterations in skin pigment
