Differentiate conjunctivitis and keratitis
Keratitis: involves corneal lesions
Conjunctivitis: inflammation of conjunctiva
Top two eye-related warning signs that prompt immediate action
Burning and pain
Loss of vision
What are the two most common causes of infectious conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus
C. Trachomatis
Differentiate viral and bacterial conjunctivitis using the symptoms discussed in class
-bacterial more likely to e bilateral
What is the conjunctival response forbacteraila conjunctivitis
Pupillary or nonspecific mosaic of fibrovascular papilla (cobblestone)
What is the conjunctival response for viral conjunctivitis
Follicular Avascular lyphmphoidal nodiesl (clear domes)
Conj discharge in bacterial conjunctivitis
Muculopurulent
Conj discharge for viral conjunctivitis
Watery or mucoid
Conjunctival membrane in bacterial conjunvtivitis
Late onset
Conjunctival membrane in viral conjunctivitis
Early onset
Preauricular LAD in bacterial conjunctivitis
No
Preauricular LAD in viral conjunctivitis
Yes
Concurrent Ottis media is more common in what type of conjunctivitis
Bacterial
Explain why al viral infections of the eye aren’t treated equally
Viral and bacterial infections need to be treated differently
Identify the general body sites infected by chlamydia vs chlamydophila
Chlamydia is lungs, genitals, an eyes
Chlamydophilia is lungs
What are the chlamydial serotypes responsible for the majority of blindness around the globe?
ABC
Explain the significance of elementary bodies and reticulate bodies in terms of infectivity and production of inclusion bodies
Elementary bodies are too small to be seen on a stain but they are what is infectious
Reticular bodies are groups of elementary bodies contained within the cell and they DO NOT infect, but they are able to be seen on a stain and are diagnostic. This is what produces inclusion bodies
Explain how chlamydia causes blindness
The upper lid gets inflamed and the scar tissue contracts the lid, causing the eyelashes to scrape the cornea repeatedly
What is the leading cause of blindness, worldwide
Trachoma
Describe the unique presentation of ocular gonorrhea in an adult
- fulminant/hyperacute course
- may have genitourinary symptoms
- fountain of pus
- complications: corneal rupture/perforation, ulcerative keratitis, visual loss, within 24 hours)
Potential consequences of not treating gonorrhea in the eye
Corneal rupture/perforation
Ulcerative keratitis
Visual loss
Within 24 hours
Describe a dendritic keratitis and identify the causative agent
Corneal ulcer with dendritic branching under a stain.
-caused by HSV (could be ZVZ if it was pseudodendritic)
That is the disease process associated with pseudodendritic keratitis
ZVZ
Most common source of bacterial keratitis
Sta aureus and pseudomonas auruginosa
Gram stain description of the two most commonly implicated bacteria
Sta aureus
-cat/coag +
Ps. Aeruginosa
- grow on chocolate agar, Mckonkeys, blood agar
- non lactose fermenter does not turn purple
- oxidase +
What does acanthamoebal keratitis have in common with bacterial keratitis
Emergency
- pain, redness, tearing, and decreased vision
- CL history
- corneal ulcer
What is the causative agents of onchocerciasis
Onchocerca volvulus-filaria transmitted via blackfly worm dies and releases Wolbachia app and thats what causes blindness, not actually the onchocerca volvulus
What is causative agent of loa loa
- deer fly bites human
- the worm develops in the eye
- does not cause blindness
What is the clinical observation of loa loa
Worm in eye
Calabar swelling
Not blindness
