Where is acanthamoeba found
Tap water (shower/ hot tubs), lakes, swimming pool, and heating and air conditioning units
Why should pregnant women avoid cleaning cat litter
Toxoplasma crosses the placenta and can cause birth defects
Why does teania solium considered more dangerous than taenia saginata
It’s from pork
-can cause cysticercosis of the brain, eye, and muscle
Vectors for onchocerca vs loa loa
Oncho: black fly (similium flies)
Loa loa: crysops (mango fly), a large fly with biting mouthparts
Clinical presentation of loa loa
Visible worm across the eye
Calabar swelling
Clinical presentation of onchocerca volvulus
Blindness, sclerotic keratitis
Whihc is likely to cause blindness, onchocerca or loa loa
Onchocerca
Growth on MacConkeys
- gram neg rods
- fermenters: turn purple (KEE)
- non fermenters: colorless
The fermenters that turn the plate purple are
Klebsiella
Enterobactor
E. coli
Growth on a mannitol salt agar
- staph
- fermenter (staph aureus)
- non fermenter (other staph)
Fermenters that turn mannitol salt yellow
-staph aureus
Purpose of macconkeys agar
Select for gram negative rods
What organism ferments mannitol
Staph aureus
What organisms ferment on macConkeys
Klebsiella
E. coli
Enterobacter
Differentiate staph from strep when given growth on blood agar
Strep pyrogens/group A strep/strep throat has beta hemolysis on blood agar
Appears clear/yellow and can read through
Differentiate staph from strep when given growth on mannitol salt agar
Staph is the only thing that will grow on this
- staph areus will be yellow
- staph epi will be pink
Differentiate staph from strep when given growth on a gram stain
Both strep and staph are gram positive
Differentiate staph from strep when given catalase results
Differentiates staph from strep
- neg=strep
- pos=staph
If positive, must do a coag to determine the type of staph
Differentiate staph from strep when given coagulase
Only staph grows on coagulase
- pos=s aureus
- neg=s epidermidis or s saprophyticus
A microorganism was tested from the urine of a recently married woman who was seen by her healthcare provider for a possible urinary tract infection. The organism grew on a sheep blood agar and a macconkey blood agar and turned it purple. Select the possible infectious organisms that cannot be ruled out
E. coli
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
A hospitalized patient had three blood cultures drawn over the course of 24 hours, and all three became positive 24 hours after the blood was drawn. An aliquot produced growth on sheep blood agar and on mannitol salt agar. The colonies growing on mannitol salt appeared similar to the circled organisms growing on the plate shown. Predict the catalase and coagulase results most expected from this organism
Cat and coag positive
A 31 year old IV drug abuser has a fever, and petechial on the mucus membranes and conj, and an aortic insufficiency murmur. Two blood cultures are positive, and yield the following results. Use the gram positive cocci flowchart to ID the most likely pathogen
Staph aureus
A 9 year old boy attending summer camp presented in august with a 3 day history of fever, sore throat, and conjuntivitis. Seven other children and two camp counselors developed similar symptoms over the next few days. All described a gritty feeling in their eyes. The cause of this outbreak of these signs and symptoms was found to be a virus traced to the camps underchlorinated, turbid swimming pool. Whihc virus is the cause of the outbreak
Adenovirus
An optometrist makes the dx of sclerosis keratitis in a patient she sees during a medical mission to a pacific coastal community of Ecuador. Of note are many filaform juveniles in the chambers of the eye. Which of the following parasites is the causative agent
Onchocerca volvulus
