Eye Lid and Eyeball Flashcards by John Jonah Jameson Jr.

Q

Parts of the Eye

A

Palpebrae (Eyeball)
Lacrimal Apparatus
Eyeball

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Q

Palpebrae
What are the Eyelids?

A

2 skin folds Anterior to Eyeball

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Q

Palpebrae
What separates the Eyelids?

A

Transverse Palpebral Fissure

Space which exists between the two open eyelids

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Q

Palpebrae Lining
Inner surface lined with …

A

Palpebral Conjunctiva

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Q

Palpebrae: Lining
Palpebral Conjunctiva reflects onto sclera to become …

A

Bulbar Conjunctiva

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Q

Palpebrae: Lining
Reflection of Palpebral to Bulbar Conjunctiva is …

A

Conjunctival Fornix

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Q

Palpebrae: Lining
What is formed when the eyelids are closed?

A

Conjunctiva forms a closed sac

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Q

Palpebrae
Components

A

Palpebral Part of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle
Tarsal Muscle
Tarsal Plates
Orbital Septum

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Q

Palpebrae: Components
What are Tarsal Plates?

A

Thin Fibrous Plates in the Eyelid

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Q

Palpebrae: Components
Where are Tarsal Plates attached?

A

Margins of Orbit by Orbital Septum

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Q

Palpebrae: Components
Which glands open into the Margins of the Eyelids?

A

Tarsal Glands (Modified Sebaceous Glands)

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Q

Palpebrae: Components
Purpose of Tarsal Plates

A

Support Eyelid
Maintain Eyelid Shape

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Components

A

Lacrimal Gland
Conjunctival Sac
Lacrimal Puncta
Lacrimal Canaliculi
Lacrimal Sac
Nasolacrimal Duct

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Location of Lacrimal Sac

A

Lacrimal Groove

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Nasolacrimal Duct opens into …

A

Inferior Meatus

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Lacrimal Gland location

A

Lacrimal Fossa in Frontal Bone

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Lacrimal Gland secretes …

A

tears into superior fornix of conjunctival sac

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Function of Lacrimal Gland

A

Nourishes Avascular Cornea
Washes away irritants
Keeps Cornea moist
Contains Antibacterial Enzymes

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Q

Lacrimal Apparatus
Secretomotor Pathway

A

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Q

Eyeball
Layers

A

Outer to Inner:
Fibrous Layer
Vascular Layer
Nervous Layer

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Q

Eyeball: Fibrous Layer
Anterior part formed from …

A

Transparent Cornea (1/6th of Fibrous Layer)

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Q

Eyeball: Fibrous Layer
Posterior part formed from …

A

White Sclera (5/6th of Fibrous Layer)

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Q

Eyeball: Vascular Layer
Characteristics

A

Pigmented Layer

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Q

Eyeball: Vascular Layer
Components

A

Iris
Cilliary Body
Choroid

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**Eyeball: Nervous Layer** Formed from ...

retina

**Eyeball: Nervous Layer** Retina contains ...

visual receptors

**Eyeball: Cornea** Shape

Convex ## Footnote Enables Refraction and Transmission of Light

**Eyeball: Cornea** How is the Cornea transparent?

Specialised arrangement of Collagen Fibrils kept relatively dehydrated

**Eyeball: Cornea** Components of Cornea

Outer Epithelium Nonvascular Collagen Stroma Non-replicating Endothelial Monolayer

**Eyeball: Cornea** Conditions affecting the Cornea

Nebula Leucoma

**Eyeball: Cornea** Cause of Nebula

Superficial Scars in Bowmans Layer and Superficial Stroma

**Eyeball: Cornea** Effects of Nebula

Blurred Vision Irregular Astigmatism

**Eyeball: Cornea** Cause of Leucoma

Scarring of more than half of Corneal Stroma

**Eyeball: Cornea** What is Adherent Leucoma?

Healing after perforation of cornea with incarceration of iris

**Eyeball: Sclera** Characteristics

Opaque Maintains eyeball shape

**Eyeball: Sclera** Sclera is thick throughout except at the ...

Sclerocorneal Junction (Limbus) Entrance of Optic Nerve (Lamina Cribrosa)

**Eyeball: Sclera** Anterior Surface

Covered by Conjunctiva

**Eyeball: Sclera** Posterior Surface

Covered with Tenon's Capsule

**Eyeball: Sclera** Canal of Schlemm/Scleral Venous Sinus location

Posterior Part of Corneoscleral Junction

**Eyeball: Sclera** Function of Canal of Schlemm

Collect Aqueous Humor and deliver it to Eyeball Veins

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** What is the Iris?

Thin, Contractile, Pigmented Diaphragm

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** What is the Pupil?

Central Aperture in Iris

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** Peripheral attachment of Iris

Anterior Part of Cilliary Body

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** Iris and Pupil separate the ____ from the ____

__anterior chamber__ __posterior chamber__

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** Muscles

Sphincter Pupillae (Parasympathetic) Dilator Pupillae (Sympathetic)

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** Circular Muscles of Iris contracted ...

Constricted Pupil

**Eyeball: Iris and Pupil** Radial Muscles of Iris contracted ...

Dilated Pupil

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** Ciliary Body shape

Triangular

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** Continuous anteriorly with ...

iris

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** Continuous posteriorly with ...

choroid

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** Name of Anterior Part

Ciliary Processes

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** What do the Ciliary Processes give attachment to?

Suspensory Ligaments of Lens

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** What does the Scleral Part have?

Ciliary Muscles

**Eyeball: Ciliary Body** Which nerve supplies the Ciliary Body?

Parasympathetic Nerve supply from Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

**Eyeball: Choroid** What is the Choroid?

Pigmented Layer

**Eyeball: Choroid** What two structures does the Choroid separate?

Sclera and Retina

**Eyeball: Choroid** Choroid is loosely attached to ...

sclera

**Eyeball: Choroid** Choroid is firmly attached to ...

retina

**Eyeball: Choroid** What perforates the Choroid posteriorly?

Optic Nerve

**Eyeball: Choroid** What are the layers of the Choroid?

Outer Layer (Large Blood Vessels) Middle Layer (Blood Capillaries) Inner Layer (Basal Lamina)

**Eyeball** Chambers of Eye

Anterior Chamber Posterior Chamber Vitreous Chamber

**Eyeball: Chambers** Anterior Chamber location

Between Cornea and Iris

**Eyeball: Chambers** Posterior Chamber location

Between Iris, Lens and Ciliary Processes

**Eyeball: Chambers** How do the Anterior and Posterior Chamber communicate with each other?

Through Pupil of Iris

**Eyeball: Chambers** What do the Anterior and Posterior Chambers contain?

Aqueous Humor (fluid) ## Footnote Schlemm's Canal collects Aqeuous Humor and delivers it to Veins of Eyeball

**Eyeball: Chambers** What is Aqueous Humor?

Clear Fluid which fills the Anterior and Posterior Chambers

**Eyeball: Chambers** Where is Aqueous Humor secreted from?

Ciliary Processes

**Eyeball: Chambers** Function of Aqueous Humor

Maintains eye shape by exerting internal pressure

**Eyeball: Chambers** What does obstruction of Canal of Schlemm cause?

Glaucoma

**Eyeball: Chambers** Location of Vitreous Chamber

Posterior to Lens and Ciliary Processes

**Eyeball: Chambers** Vitreous Chamber contains ...

gelatinous transparent vitreous body

**Eyeball: Chambers** How is the Gelatinous Transparent Vitreous Body produced

Cells of Ciliary Body

**Eyeball: Chambers** Function of Gelatinous Transparent Vitreous Body

Keeps Retina in place by pressing it against the Choroid

**Eyeball: Lens** Characteristics

Transparent Biconcave Enclosed in Transparent Capsule

**Eyeball: Lens** Components of Transparent Capsule

Capsule Epithelium Fibers

**Eyeball: Lens** Relations

**Anterior**: Iris **Posterior**: Vitreous Body

**Eyeball: Lens** How is it suspended?

Suspended from Cilliary Processes by Suspensory Ligaments

**Eyeball: Lens** Function

Refracts light Accommodation

**Eyeball: Lens** What is Accommodation?

Increasing convexity of lens for near vision Decreasing convexity for far vision

**Eyeball: Lens** Medical Condition affecting Lens

**Cataract** - Lens proteins break down making it cloudy

**Eyeball: Retina** Structure of Retina

Outer Pigmented Layer Inner Nervous Layer

**Eyeball: Retina** Outer Surface attached to ...

choroid

**Eyeball: Retina** Inner Surface attached to ...

vitreous body

**Eyeball: Retina** Anterior edge is called ...

ora serrata

**Eyeball: Retina** What are the receptors?

Rods Cones

**Eyeball: Retina** Ganglion cells gives rise to ...

Optic Nerve

**Eyeball: Optic Disc** Location

Posterior Retina

**Eyeball: Optic Disc** What is the Optic Disc?

Where Ganglion Cell axons converge to leave the eye as Optic Nerve

**Eyeball: Optic Disc** Why can light which hits the Optic Disc not be seen?

No Visual Receptors

**Eyeball: Optic Disc** Pierced by ...

central artery and vein

**Eyeball: Macula Lutea** What is the Macula Lutea?

Yellow Spot Lateral to Optic Disc

**Eyeball: Macula Lutea** Depression in the centre of the Macula Lutea is the ...

fovea centralis

**Eyeball: Macula Lutea** The Macula Lutea is the area of ...

maximum visual acuity

**Eyeball: Macula Lutea** What type of receptor cell does the Macula Lutea have?

Cones

**Eyeball: Papilledema** What is Papilledema?

Swelling of the Optic Disk

**Eyeball: Papilledema** What Causes Papilledema?

Blood Supply of Eye

Internal Carotid Artery → Ophthalmic Artery → **Internal Carotid Artery**

What is Myopia?

Distant Objects out of focus because light converges in front of retina

What is Hypermetropia/Hyperopia?

Near Objects out of focus because light converges behind the retina

What is Presbyopia?

Lenses become harder making it more difficult to focus on nearby objects

Causes of Retinal Detachment?

Trauma to the eye

Symptoms of Retinal Detachment

Flashes of light Appearance of floaters Curtain like shadow over visual field