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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > The Scalp and Face > Flashcards

The Scalp and Face Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Scalp?

A

Soft Tissue covering Cranial Vault

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2
Q

Boundaries of the Scalp

A

Anterior: Supraorbital Margin
Posterior: External Occipital Protuberance and Superior Nuchal Line
Lateral: Superior Temporal Line

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3
Q

Layers of the Scalp

A

SCALP
Skin
Connective Tissue Layer
Aponeurotic Layer (occipito-frontalis/galea aponeurotica)
Loose Areolar Tissue
Pericranium/Periosteum

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4
Q

Layers of Scalp: Skin
Components

A

Hairs
Sebaceous Glands
Sweat Glands

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5
Q

Layers of Scalp: Skin
Skin layers is a common site for formation of …

A

sebaceous cysts (due to blockage of glands causing buildup of secretions)

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6
Q

Layers of Scalp: Dense Connective Tissue Layer
What is found in this layer?

A

Anastomotic Blood Vessels

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7
Q

Layers of Scalp: Dense Connective Tissue Layer
What happens when a cut causes blood vessels to tear?

A

Bleed Profusely but heals well
Bleeding can be stopped by pressure

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8
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Description

A

Musculoaponeurotic Layer

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9
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Components

A

Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Epicranial Aponeurosis

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10
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Parts of the Occipitofrontalis

A

Frontal Bellies
Occipital Bellies

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11
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Origin of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Epicranial Aponeurosis

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12
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Insertion of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Skin of Eyebrows

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13
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Action of Frontal Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Elevates Eyebrows producing Horizontal Wrinkles of Forehead

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14
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Origin of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Superior Nuchal Line

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15
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Insertion of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Epicranial Aponeurosis

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16
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
Action of Occipital Bellies of Occipitofrontalis

A

Pull aponeurosis posteriorly towards Occipital Bone

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17
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
What is the Epicranial Aponeurosis?

A

Flat Tendon

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18
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
What does the Epicranial Aponeurosis adhere to?

A

The 2 layers superficial to it

This means the 3 layers move as one unit on the pericranium

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19
Q

Layers of Scalp: Aponeurotic Layer
When do wounds of the scalp gape?

A

When cut along Plane of Gaping (transverse/coronal division of aponeurosis)

Superficial scalp wounds do not gape

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20
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
Continuous with …

A

loose connective tissue of upper eye lid

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21
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
What does it contain?

A

Emissary Veins

Emissary Veins connect scalp veins to blood sinuses

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22
Q

Layers of Scalp: Loose Areolar Tissue
Tear in emissary veins causes …

A

… bleeding which gravitates into eyelids producing black eye
… infection with collection of pus which passes into cranial cavity through emissary veins

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23
Q

Layers of Scalp: Pericranium
Description

A

Loosely covers Bones
Firmly attached at Sutural Lines

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24
Q

Layers of Scalp: Pericranium
What is Cephalohematoma?

A

Birth Trauma ruptures Blood Vessels crossing Periosteum forming bump on the head

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25
**Layers of Scalp: Pericranium** Caput Succedaneum
Pressure exerted by Vaginal Wall on Infant's Head during delivery causes swelling of scalp
26
Nerve Supply of Scalp Muscles
**Frontal Bellies**: Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve **Occipital Bellies**: Posterior Auricular Branch of Facial Nerve
27
Divisions of Blood Supply of Scalp
Anterior Posterior
28
Blood Supply of Anterior Part of Scalp
Supratrochlear Artery and Vein Supraorbital Artery and Vein Superficial Temporal Artery and Vein
29
Blood Supply of Posterior Part of Scalp
Posterior Auricular Artery and Vein Occipital Artery and Vein
30
Lymphatic Drainage of Scalp
**Anterior Part**: Preauricular (Parotid) Lymph Nodes **Posterior Part**: Post-auricular (Mastoid) Lymph Nodes
31
What are the Muscles of the Face?
Corrugator Supercilli Procerus Orbicularis Oculi Nasalis Zygomaticus Major Resorius Levator Labii Superiois Zygomaticus Minor Depressor Labii Inferioris Orbicularis Oris Buccinator Depressor Anguli Oris Mentalis
32
Action of Corrugator Supercilli
**Frowning** - Vertical Wrinkles between Eyebrows
33
Action of Procerus
Transverse Wrinkles between Eyebrows
34
Orbicularis Oculi parts
Orbital Part Palpebral part
35
Action of Orbital Part of **Orbicularis Oculi**
Tight Closure of Eyelids
36
Action of Palpebral Part of **Orbicularis Oculi**
Light Closure of Eyelids
37
Nasalis Parts
Transverse Part Alar Part
38
Action of Transverse Part of **Nasalis**
Compresses Nostrils
39
Action of Alar Part of **Nasalis**
Dilates Nostrils
40
Action of Zygomaticus Major and Risorius
Bilateral Smile
41
Action of Levator Labii Superioris and Zygomaticus Minor
Elevate and Evert Upper Lip Increase Nasolabial Furrow
42
Action of Depressor Labii Inferioris
Draw Lower Lip Downward
43
**Buccinator** Origin
Alveolar Process of Maxilla and Mandible opposite 3rd molar
44
**Buccinator** Fibers and insertions
**Upper Fibers**: Straight into Upper Lip **Lower Fibers**: Straight into Lower Lip **Intermediate Fibers**: Decussate at Modiolus where Upper goes to Lower Lip and Lower goes to Upper Lip
45
**Buccinator** Action
Prevents accumulation of food in vestibule of mouth Blowing Whistling
46
**Orbicularis Oris** Parts
Extrinsic Part Intrinsic Part
47
**Orbicularis Oris** Extrinsic Part
Derived from Intermediate Parts of Buccinator ## Footnote Also formed from other facial muscles which decussate at modious
48
**Orbicularis Oris** Intrinsic Part Origin
Incisive Fossae of Maxilla and Mandible Part comes from Perioral Skin
49
**Orbicularis Oris** Intrinsic Part Insertion
Mucous Membrane of Lips
50
**Orbicularis Oris** Action
**All Muscles**: Close mouth + Articulation and Speech **Superficial Fibers**: Protrudes Lips **Deep Fibers**: Compress Lips
51
Action of Depressor Anguli Oris
Draws corner of mouth down and lateral
52
Action of Mentalis
Protrudes Lower Lip Winkles Skin of Chin
53
Arteries of the Face are branches of ...
External Carotid Artery (forms Facial Artery) Internal Carotid Arteries (Gives rise to Ophthalmic Artery which forms Supraorbital and Trochlear Arteries)
54
**Facial Artery** Where can its pulse be palpated?
Inferior Border of Mandible
55
**Facial Artery** Enters the face at ...
anterior border of Masseter Muscle
56
**Facial Artery** Pathway
Passes along the side of nose Terminates as Angular Artery at Medial Angle of Eye At Medial Angle, it Anastomoses with terminal branch of Opthalmic Artery
57
**Facial Artery** Branches
Lateral Nasal Artery Superior Labial Artery Inferior Labial Artery
58
Venous Drainage of Face
Facial vein
59
Tributeries of Facial Vein
Supraorbital Vein Supratrochlear Vein
60
Pathway of Facial Vein
Descends behind Facial Artery Crosses Base of Mandible to enter neck Joined by Anterior Division of Retromandibular Vein to form Common Facial Vein Terminates in Internal Jugular Vein
61
What is the Dangerous Area of the Face?
Area drained by Facial Vein where infection can spread and reach Meninges causing Meningitis and Intracranial Thrombosis
62
Which parts of the face form the Dangerous Area?
Upper Lip Nasal Septum Ala of Nose
63
Why can infections spread easily through the Facial Vein?
No Valves Absence of Deep Fascia in Face means No Barrier to spread
64
Pathway of Facial Vein to Cavernous Sinus
Facial Vein → Superior Ophthalmic Vein → **Cavernous Sinus** Facial Vein → Deep Facial Vein → Pterygoid Venous Plexus → **Cavernous Sinus**

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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