The Functional Areas of the Cerebrum

Question 1

What are the major functional areas of the cerebrum?

Answer 1

Primary Motor Area
Premotor Area
Motor speech Area of Broca
Main Sensory Area
Superior Parietal Lobule/Secondary Sensory Area
Wernicke’s Area
Primary Visual Area
Secondary Visual Area
Primary Auditory Area
Second Auditory Area
Facial Recognition Areas
Olfactory Area/Piriform Lobe

Question 2

Primary Motor Area
Brain Areas

Answer 2

Area 4

Question 3

Primary Motor Area
Locations

Answer 3

Precentral gyrus
Adjoining part of paracentral lobule on medial surface

Question 4

Primary Motor Area
Controls …

Answer 4

body movements of opposite half

Question 5

Primary Motor Area
Lesions

Answer 5

Paralysis of contralateral half of body (hemiplegia)
Fine and Skilled movements severely affected

Question 6

Premotor Area
Brain Areas

Answer 6

Area 6

Question 7

Premotor Area
Location

Answer 7

Posterior parts of superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri
On the medial surface - in front of area 4

Question 8

Premotor Area
Functions

Answer 8

Motor activity accumulated from past experience

Question 9

Premotor Area
Lesions

Answer 9

Difficulty in skilled movements

Question 10

Broca’s Area
Brain Areas

Answer 10

Areas 44 and 45

Question 11

Broca’s Area
Location

Answer 11

Inferior Frontal Gyrus between anterior and ascending rami and the ascending and posterior rami of lateral fissure

Question 12

Broca’s Area
Where is it most important?

Answer 12

Dominant Hemisphere

Right-handed person = Left Broca’s Area is Dominant
Left-handed person = RIght Broca’s Area is Dominant

Question 13

Broca’s Area
Function

Answer 13

Anterior Speech Center
Produces sequences for word production

Question 14

Broca’s Area
How does it cause muscle movements necessary for speech?

Answer 14

Connected with adjacent primary motor areas

Question 15

Broca’s Area
Lesion

Answer 15

Expressive Aphasia

Question 16

Main Sensory Area
Brain Areas

Answer 16

Areas 3, 1 and 2

Question 17

Main Sensory Area
Location

Answer 17

Post-Central Gyrus
Extends into medial surface in paracentral lobule

Question 18

Main Sensory Area
Function of Area 3

Answer 18

Perception of Cutaneous Stimuli

Question 19

Main Sensory Area
Function of Area 1 and 2

Answer 19

Perception of Proprioceptive Impulses

Question 20

Main Sensory Area
Detects sensations from …

Answer 20

opposite half of the body

Question 21

Main Sensory Area
Lesions

Answer 21

Contralateral loss of sensation
Markedly affects fine touch and proprioception
Slightly affects pain and temperature

Question 22

Secondary Sensory Area
Brain Areas

Answer 22

Areas 5 and 7

Question 23

Secondary Sensory Area
Function

Answer 23

Integrates sensory information
Contains sterognosis center

Stereognosis = Ability to identify shape and form of 3D objects

Question 24

Secondary Sensory Area
Lesions

Answer 24

Cause astereognosis

Question 25

**Wernicke's Area** Brain Areas

Answer 25

Areas 39 and 40

Question 26

**Wernicke's Area** Locations

Answer 26

Inferior Parietal Lobule Posterior parts of superior and medial temporal gyri in temporal lobe

Question 27

**Wernicke's Area** Functions

Answer 27

Received afferent fibers from visual and auditory areas Comprehension of auditory and visual information

Question 28

**Wernicke's Area** Lesions

Answer 28

Receptive Aphasia ## Footnote Failure to understand spoken and written words

Question 29

**Primary Visual Area** Brain Areas

Answer 29

Area 17

Question 30

**Primary Visual Area** Location

Answer 30

**Medial Surface** - Posterior part of Calcarine Sulcus **Lateral Surface** - Occipital Pole

Question 31

**Primary Visual Area** Function

Answer 31

Received illumination, colors and shapes in photos

Question 32

**Secondary Visual Area** Brain Areas

Answer 32

Area 18 and 19

Question 33

**Secondary Visual Area** Location

Answer 33

Surrounds primary visual area on medial and lateral surfaces

Question 34

**Secondary Visual Area** Function

Answer 34

Afferent fibers from area 17 Relate vision information from primary visual area to previous visual experiences

Question 35

**Primary Auditory Area** Brain Areas

Answer 35

Areas 41 and 42

Question 36

**Primary Auditory Area** Location

Answer 36

Superior Temporal Gyrus

Question 37

**Primary Auditory Area** Function

Answer 37

Receives sound from both ears

Question 38

**Primary Auditory Area** Lesions

Answer 38

Causes partial deafness in both ears, mostly contralateral

Question 39

**Secondary Auditory Area** Brain Areas

Answer 39

Area 22

Question 40

**Secondary Auditory Area** Function

Answer 40

Interpretation of sound from Primary Auditory Area

Question 41

**Facial Recognition Areas** Location

Answer 41

Undersurface of Temporal and Occipital Lobes (Parahippocampal Gyri)

Question 42

**Facial Recognition Areas** Lesion

Answer 42

Bilateral lesion causes Prosopagnosia ## Footnote Prosopagnosia = Inability to recognize faces

Question 43

**Olfactory Area** Location

Answer 43

Medial Surface of Temporal Lobe

Question 44

**Olfactory Area** Function

Answer 44

Receives impulses from ipsilateral side of nose

Question 45

**Olfactory Area** Sensory Pathway

Answer 45

Olfactory Nerve → Olfactory Bulb → Olfactory Tract → Piriform Lobe