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MD2S3: Anatomy 203 > Medulla Oblongata > Flashcards

Medulla Oblongata Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Lowest part of the brain stem

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2
Q

Which structures does the medulla connect?

A

Pons and spinal cord

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3
Q

What happens at the upper part of the medulla?

A

Central canal expands into 4th ventricle

4th ventricle indicated by red arrow
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4
Q

Functions of the medulla

A

Contains cranial nerves concerned with vital functions
Pathway for ascending and descending tracts

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5
Q

Anterior surface external features

A

Anterior Median Fissure
Pyramid
Olive
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
Anterolateral Groove
Posterolateral Groove

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6
Q

Anterior Surface
Purpose of Anterior Median Fissure

A

Divides medulla into 2 halves

Line in the middle
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7
Q

Anterior Surface
Pyramid Location

A

Swelling lateral to anterior median fissure

Red segment
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8
Q

Anterior Surface
Pyramid contains …

A

… corticospinal fibers

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9
Q

Anterior Surface
Olive Location

A

Swelling lateral to pyramid

Blue Segment
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10
Q

Anterior Surface
Olive is produced by …

A

… olivary nucleus

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11
Q

Anterior Surface
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Location

A

Lies posterior to olive

Pink Segment
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12
Q

Anterior Surface
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle connects …

A

… medulla and cerebellum

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13
Q

Anterior Surface
Anterolateral Groove Location

A

Lies between pyramid and olive

Red line
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14
Q

Anterior Surface
Anterolateral groove contains …

A

… hypoglossal nerve

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15
Q

Anterior Surface
Posterolateral Groove Location

A

Between olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle

Green line
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16
Q

Anterior Surface
Posterolateral Groove contains …

A

… glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves

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17
Q

Anterior Surface
Names of indicated nerves in the picture

Study These Flashcards
A

Green - Arising from anterolateral groove
Red - Arising from posterolateral groove

18
Q

How is the posterior surface of the medulla divided?

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper half (Open medulla)
Lower half (Closed medulla)

19
Q

Posterior Surface
Components of lower half of the medulla

Study These Flashcards
A

Posterior Median Sulcus
Gracile Tubercle
Cuneate Tubercle

20
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Posterior Median Sulcus purpose

Study These Flashcards
A

Divides lower half into similar halves

21
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Gracile Tubercle formed by …

Study These Flashcards
A

… gracile nucleus

22
Q

Posterior Surface: Lower Half
Cuneate Tubercle formed by …

Study These Flashcards
A

… cuneate nucleus

23
Q

Posterior Surface
Components of upper half of medulla

Study These Flashcards
A

Median Sulcus
Inferior Fovea
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

24
Q

Posterior Surface: Upper Half
What is the Inferior Fovea?

Study These Flashcards
A

Triangular depression dividing area into three trigones

25
**Posterior Surface: Upper Half** What are the three trigones?
**Medial to Lateral**: Hypoglossal Trigone Vagus Trigone Vestibular Trigone
26
**Posterior Surface: Upper Half** What is the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle?
Connects medulla to cerebellum
27
What are the levels of the medulla?
Level of decussation of pyramids (lower level) Level of sensory decussation (middle level) Level of olivary nuclei (upper level)
28
**Lower Level** Descending Tracts
Decussation of lateral corticospinal tracts in the pyramids
29
**Lower Level** Ascending Tracts
Gracile and cuneate nuclei with tracts Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve with its spinal tract
30
**Lower Level** Nuclei
INFERIOR OLIVARY NUCLEUS
31
**Middle Level** Descending Tracts
Corticospinal Tracts
32
**Middle Level** Ascending Tracts
Gracile and cuneate nuclei and decussating tracts (medial lemniscus) Anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts Anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
33
**Middle Level** Nuclei
Inferior olivary nucleus HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS NUCLEUS
34
**Upper Level** Descending Tracts
Corticospinal Tracts
35
**Upper Level** Ascending Tracts
Medial Lemniscus Anterior and Lateral Spinothalamic tracts Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts Spinal nucleus of Trigeminal Nerve with its Spinal Tract
36
**Upper Level** Nuclei
Inferior Olivary Nucleus Hypoglossal Nucleus Ambiguus Nucleus ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR COCHLEAR NUCLEI VESTIBULAR NUCLEI NUCLEUS SOLITARIUS DORSAL NUCLEUS OF VAGUS INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE
37
What is the purpose of the nucleus ambiguus?
Motor nucleus supplied cranial nerves IX, X and XI
38
Which muscles do the cranial nerves of the nucleus ambiguus supply?
Muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
39
Which blood vessel supplies the medial part of the medulla?
Anterior spinal (Vertebral)
40
Which blood vessel supplies the posterolateral part of the medulla?
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar (Vertebral)
41
Which blood vessel supplies the middle part of the medulla?
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (Basilar)

MD2S3: Anatomy 203 (31 decks)

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