Pharynx

Question 1

Pharynx Description

Answer 1

Musculomembranous Tube
12.5 cm long
No Anterior Wall

Question 2

Extent of Pharynx

Answer 2

Superior: Base of Skull
Inferior: 6th Cervical Vertebra opposite lower border of Cricoid Cartilage

Question 3

What are the parts of the Pharynx?

Answer 3

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 4

Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall

Answer 4

Deep to Superficial:
Mucous Membrane
Fibrous Layer/Pharyngeobasilar Fascia
Muscular Coat (defecting upwards)

Question 5

Nasopharynx
Extent

Answer 5

Superior: Base of Skull
Inferior: Soft Palate

Question 6

Nasopharynx
Special Features

Answer 6

Pharyngeal Opening of Eustachian Tube behind Inferior Nasal Concha
Tubal Elevation
Salpingopharyngeal Fold
Nasopharygeal Tonsil in the Roof of Nasopharynx

Question 7

Nasopharynx
What produces the Tubal Elevation?

Answer 7

Cartilage of Tube above and behind

Question 8

Nasopharynx
What produces the Salinpopharyngeal Fold?

Answer 8

Salpingopharyngeus Muscle

Question 9

Nasopharynx
What condition could cause difficulty breating in children?

Answer 9

Adenoids: Enlargement of Nasopharyngeal Tonsil which obstructs Nasopharynx

Question 10

Oropharynx
Extent

Answer 10

Superior: Soft Palate
Inferior: Upper End of Epiglottis

Question 11

Oropharynx
Special Features

Answer 11

Glossoepiglottic Folds
Palatopharyngeal Arch
Tonsillar Fossa

Question 12

Oropharynx
What are the Glossoepiglottic Folds?

Answer 12

1 Median and 2 Lateral Folds connecting Back of Tongue to Front of Epiglottis

Question 13

Oropharynx
What are the Valleculae?

Answer 13

Two Depressed Areas between the Glossoepiglottic Folds

Question 14

Oropharynx
What produces the Palatopharyngeal Arch?

Answer 14

Palatopharyngeus Muscle

Question 15

Oropharynx
What is found in the Tonsilar Fossa?

Answer 15

Palatine Tonsils

Question 16

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
What are the Palatine Tonsils?

Answer 16

Mass of Lymphoid Tissues

Question 17

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Location of Palatine Tonsils?

Answer 17

Lateral Wall of Oropharynx
Between Palatoglossal and Palatopharyngeal Arches

Question 18

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Features

Answer 18

2 Ends
2 Surfaces

Question 19

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Ends

Answer 19

Upper End: Reaching Soft Palate
Lower End: Reaching Dorsum of Tongue

Question 20

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Surfaces

Answer 20

Medial Surface: 10-15 Orifices leading to Tonsillar Crypts
Lateral Surface: Tonsillar Hemicapsule which is an extension from the Pharyngobasilar Fascia

Question 21

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Nerve Supply

Answer 21

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Tonsilitis causes referred pain to ear

Question 22

Oropharynx: Palatine Tonsils
Lymphatic Drainage

Answer 22

Jugulodigastric Lymph Nodes

Question 23

Laryngopharynx
Extent

Answer 23

Superior: Epiglottis
Inferior: Cricoid Cartilage (C6)

Question 24

Laryngopharynx
Special Features

Answer 24

Laryngeal Inlet
Mucous membrane on the back of Arytenoid and Cricoid Cartilage
Piriform Fossa

Question 25

What are the Muscles of the Pharynx?

Answer 25

**Outer Layer**: 3 Constrictors **Inner Layer**: 3 Longitudinal Muscles

Question 26

**Outer Layer** Names of Constrictors?

Answer 26

Superior Middle Inferior

Question 27

**Outer Layer** What are the features of the Constrictors?

Answer 27

Overlap each other from below upwards Absent from side wall of nasopharynx

Question 28

**Outer Layer** All Constrictors insert into ...

Answer 28

pharyngeal raphe posteriorly

Question 29

**Outer Layer** Superior Constrictor Origin

Answer 29

Posterior End of Mylohyoid Line of Mandible

Question 30

**Outer Layer** Middle Constrictor Origin

Answer 30

Hyoid Bone

Question 31

**Outer Layer** Inferior Constrictor functional parts

Answer 31

Thyropharyngeus Part Cricopharyngeus Part

Question 32

**Outer Layer** Origin of Thyropharyngeal Part

Answer 32

Thyroid Cartilage

Question 33

**Outer Layer** Origin of Cricopharyngeal Part

Answer 33

Side of Cricoid Cartilage

Question 34

**Outer Layer** Function of Constrictors

Answer 34

Propulsive action during Swallowing

Question 35

**Outer Layer** Function of Cricopharyngeus

Answer 35

Spincter at Lower End of Pharynx Prevents Suction of Air into Esophagus

Question 36

**Outer Layer** What occurs if the Cricopharyngeus fails to relax?

Answer 36

Pharyngeal Mucous Membrane Herniates posterolaterally between Cricopharyngeus and Thyropharyngeus

Question 37

**Inner Layer** What are the Muscles of the Inner Layer?

Answer 37

Stylopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus

Question 38

**Inner Layer** Insertion of the Inner Layer Muscles

Answer 38

Posterior Border of Thyroid Cartilage

Question 39

**Inner Layer** Function

Answer 39

Pull Larynx upwards to close Laryngeal Inlet

Question 40

Pharyngobasilar Fascia location

Answer 40

Above Superior Constrictor where Pharyngeal Wall is deficient

Question 41

Location of Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Stylopharyngeus Muscle

Answer 41

Between Superior and Middle Constrictor

Question 42

Location of Internal Laryngeal Nerve and Superior Laryngeal Vessels

Answer 42

Between Middle and Inferior Constrictors

Question 43

Location of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Inferior Laryngeal Vessels

Answer 43

Below Lower Border of Inferior Constrictor

Question 44

Motor Nerve Supply of Pharygeal Muscles (except Stylopharyngeus)

Answer 44

Vagus Nerve

Question 45

Motor Nerve Supply of Stylopharyngeus

Answer 45

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 46

Sensory Nerve Supply of Pharynx

Answer 46

Pharyngeal Branch of Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 47

Arterial Blood Supply of Tonsils and Pharynx

Answer 47

Ascending Pharyngeal Artery of ECA Ascending Palatine and Tonsillar Arteries of the Facial Artery Pharyngeal Branch of the Maxillary Artery

Question 48

Venous Drainage of Tonsils and Pharynx

Answer 48

Veins of Pharynx collect into Pharyngeal Venous Plexus draining into IJV

Question 49

Lymphatic Drainage of Tonsils and Pharynx

Answer 49

Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes

Question 50

**Cervical Esophagus** Length

Answer 50

5 cm

Question 51

**Cervical Esophagus** Extent

Answer 51

**Superior**: Cricoid Cartilage (C6) **Inferior**: Thoracic Inlet (T1)

Question 52

**Cervical Esophagus** Anterior Relations

Answer 52

Trachea Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 53

**Cervical Esophagus** Lateral Relations

Answer 53

Thyroid Lobes Carotid Sheath

Question 54

**Cervical Esophagus** Posterior Relations

Answer 54

Vertebral Column

Question 55

**Cervical Esophagus** Arterial Blood Supply

Answer 55

Branches of Inferior Thyroid Artery

Question 56

**Cervical Esophagus** Venous Drainage

Answer 56

Inferior Thyroid Vein

Question 57

**Cervical Esophagus** Lymphatic Drainage

Answer 57

Internal Jugular Lymph Nodes