eye special senses

Question 1

function of the eyes

Answer 1

produce image of the world and transmit it to the visual cortex

Question 2

parts of the eye

Answer 2

cornea 
pupil 
iris
limbus
vitreous gel
lens
choroid
fovea

Question 3

function of vitreous gel

Answer 3

maintain round eye shape

Question 4

function of lens

Answer 4

focus light onto the back of the eye

Question 5

function of choroid

Answer 5

vascular part

Question 6

what is found in the foeva

Answer 6

cones

Question 7

3 layers of the eye

Answer 7

sclera
choroid
retina

Question 8

describe sclera

Answer 8

outer layer
tough coat of the eye
preserves shape of eyeball and protects contents

Question 9

describe choroid

Answer 9

vascular later

supplies metabolic needs of retina

Question 10

describe retina

Answer 10

contains photoreceptors

Question 11

parts of the retina

Answer 11

optic nerve head
macula
foevea

Question 12

optic nerve head

Answer 12

where optic nerve enters eye

Question 13

macula

Answer 13

centre of retina

Question 14

foeva

Answer 14

centre of macula

only cones as photoreceptors

Question 15

rods

Answer 15

B and W
vision in dim light
found in periphery

Question 16

pigment found in rods

Answer 16

rhodopsin

Question 17

cones

Answer 17

foeva
colour
vision in bright light

Question 18

describe the visual pathway

Answer 18

retina
optic nerve
optic chiasms
optic tract 
lateral geniculate nucleus
optical radiations
visual cortex

Question 19

what is normal vision desribed as

Answer 19

emmetropia

Question 20

how is an image formed

Answer 20

ray of light through pupil and lens

image on back of retina

Question 21

vision disorders

Answer 21

hypermetropia
myopic
astigmatism
presobypia

Question 22

what is hypermetropia

Answer 22

long sited
image formed further back
insufficient refractive power

Question 23

myopic

Answer 23

short signed

Question 24

astigmatism

Answer 24

irregular cornea shape

Question 25

presbyopia

Answer 25

loss of elasticity of the lens

Question 26

what is accommodation

Answer 26

ability of the eye to increase its dioptric power to obtain a clear image of a near object lens becomes more convex

Question 27

eye movements

Answer 27

``` smooth pursuit saccades optokinetic nystagmus vestibular ocular reflecx convergence ```

Question 28

smooth purusit

Answer 28

slow moment of eyes flowing an object

Question 29

saccades

Answer 29

fast eye movements fixating from each objects

Question 30

optokinetic nystagmus

Answer 30

eye movement elected by the tracking of a moving feild

Question 31

vestibular ocular reflex

Answer 31

activation of the vestibular system of the inner ear causes eye movement

Question 32

types of ocular misalignment/strabismus

Answer 32

esotropia exotropia hypertropia hypotropia

Question 33

what is esotropia

Answer 33

eye drifts to midline

Question 34

exotropia

Answer 34

eye drifts laterally

Question 35

hypertropia

Answer 35

eye drifts upwards

Question 36

hypotropia

Answer 36

eye drifts downwards

Question 37

what can strabismus lead to

Answer 37

diplopia

Question 38

what nerves supply the extra ocular muscles

Answer 38

oculomotor trochlear abducens

Question 39

name the 6 extra ocular muscles

Answer 39

superior/inferior oblique | superior/inferior/lateral/medial rectus

Question 40

which muscles elevate the eye

Answer 40

superior rectus | inferior oblique

Question 41

which muscles depress the eye

Answer 41

inferior rectus | superior oblique

Question 42

which moves the eye medially

Answer 42

medal rectus

Question 43

what moves the eye laterally

Answer 43

lateral rectus

Question 44

what is the equation to remember the innervation

Answer 44

3(LR6SO4)

Question 45

examples of cranial nerve palsies

Answer 45

oculomotor III palsy | trochlear IV palsy

Question 46

what can a blow out fracture have an impact on dentally

Answer 46

infraorbital nerve | unable to feel teeth

Question 47

craniosynostosis

Answer 47

premature fusion of 1 or more sutures of the skull

Question 48

clefting syndromes

Answer 48

dental defects | facial asymmetry