Eyes

Question 1

Eye preparations are used for how long usually?

Answer 1

4 weeks max unless otherwise

Contacts may not be suitable e

Question 2

Eye preps - UNIT DOSES

Answer 2

• Single doses
• Single USE
• Discard ASAP after use

Question 3

Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 3

Eye drops
Antihistamines
Sodium cromoglicate

Question 4

Prophylaxis and treatment of inflammation

Answer 4

NSAID eye drops - Diclofenac

Question 5

Bacterial infections = BLEPHARTIS

Answer 5

Symptoms - Crusting on eye lashes and lids
Treatment - Chloramphemciol ointment
- Chronic conditions - advise it can come back

Question 6

Eye infections - Bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 6

Symptoms are gritty, itchy and feel like something in the eye with discharge

• self limiting within 5 days
• if it doesn’t get better use chloramphemicol
• fusidic acid alternative

Question 7

Eye infections - Bacterial

Answer 7

Chloramphemicol, broad spectrum, used for superficial eye infections

Specific antibiotic eye drops used for infections

Aminoglycosides - P.Aeruginosa
Ciprofloxicin - Corneal ulcers
Azithromycin - C.trachomatis
Fusidic acid - Staph infections - including conjunctivitis, keratitis

Question 8

Chloramphemicol dose

Answer 8

Apply 1 drop, every 2 hours , for 48 hours

If no difference or symptoms worsen after 48 hours, please see your GP

Then 1 drop every 4 hours, for next 3 days, reduce frequency as infection is controlled

Maximum days of use is 5 days

Question 9

Viral infections

Answer 9

Herpes simplex (virus that causes infection)
Same virus can cause cold sores

Use antiviral eg.aciclovir, granciclovir

Question 10

Fungal eye infections

Answer 10

Rare

Test in labs

Treatment generally not available

Question 11

Glaucoma

Answer 11

Loss of visual field - vision
Due to increased intra- ocular pressure - more pressure in the eye

Can lead to optic nerve damage - loss of sight

Question 12

Glaucoma eye drops

Answer 12

Prostaglandin analogues - Latanoprost
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor -
Beta blockers - Timolol-Dorzolamide
Sympathomimetics- Brimodine

Question 13

Aim of glaucoma treatment

Answer 13

• Control intraocular pressure
• Stop glaucoma getting worse

Question 14

Glaucoma treatment plan

Answer 14

Prostaglandin analogue - latanoprost 1st line
- if doesn’t help then beta blockers
- if doesn’t help then carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Can be given alone
Or in combinations

Question 15

Preservative free

Answer 15

Can be eye drops or single doses
- if allergic to eye drops

Like Benzalkonium chloride(BAK)

Question 16

SIDE EFFECTS of Glaucoma treatment

Answer 16

• don’t usually cause systemic side effects
• Most common side effects of glaucoma eye drops include stinging, itching, discomfort
• prostaglandin analogues can cause a change in iris and eye lash hair colour

Question 17

OTHER eye conditions (Anterior Uveitis)

Answer 17

Inflammation in the middle layer of the eye, pupil size is different

Redness

Pain

Treatment - corticosteroids in the eye drops

Question 18

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

Answer 18

No pain but burst blood vessel in the white of the eye

No treatment will get better in time

Can be caused by coughing too hard

Refer pts on anticoagulants

Question 19

Keratitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of cornea
Severe pain
Pain when looking at light (photophobia)
Watery discharge
Refer
Treatment depends on the type of keratitis it is - viral,bacterial or fungal

Question 20

Red flagsssss

Answer 20

• distinguish between real eye pain and discomfort or itching
• real eye pain refer ASAP
• Phototobia
• Poor vision
• pupil abnormality
• trauma