(F) L5: GITP: Small Intestine

Question 1

The SI is where (initial/intermediate/final) digestion happens

Answer 1

Final

Question 2

Absorption in the SI is possible through what kind of diffusion and transport? (2)

Answer 2

1. Passive diffusion
2. Active transport

Question 3

Parts of the SI

• First portion
• Shortest region: 10 inches
• Where secretions are emptied from the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas through the bile ducts
• Calcium, Magnesium, and Iron are absorbed

Answer 3

Duodenum

Question 4

Parts of the SI

• 3 feet long and is the major site of nutrient absorption
• Where fat and water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, and monosaccharides are absorbed
• Made up of circular folds (villi) which are made up of microvilli containing capillaries and lacteals where fatty acids and lipids are absorbed

Answer 4

Jejunum

Question 5

Parts of the SI

These are made up of microvilli which contains capillaries and lacteals, wherein fatty acids and lipids are absorbed

Answer 5

Villi

Question 6

Parts of the SI

10 cm
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Neither

Answer 6

D. Neither (the duodenum is 10 INCHES long)

Question 7

Parts of the SI

3 feet long
A. Jejunum
B. Duodenum
C. Ileum
D. Neither

Answer 7

A. Jejunum

Question 8

Parts of the SI

• The longest part: 6 feet
• It joins the large intestine (proximal to the cecum) where water and electrolytes are absorbed
• Where B12 and bile acids are absorbed

Answer 8

Ileum

Question 9

Parts of the SI

B12 and Bile Acids are absorbed
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Large Intestine

Answer 9

B. Ileum

Question 10

Parts of the SI

Water and electrolytes are absorbed
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Large Intestine

Answer 10

C. Large Intestine

Question 11

Parts of the SI

Longest portion: 6 feet long
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Ileum

Answer 11

C. Ileum

Question 12

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

The only unit of carbohydrate that is absorbed by the intestine

Answer 12

Monosaccharides

Question 13

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This amylase is responsible for the initial digestion of CHO

Answer 13

Salivary

Question 14

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This amylase acts on partially digested carbohydrates responsible for the preliminary digestion of CHO

Answer 14

Pancreatic

Question 15

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

What are the 2 isoenzymes of amylase?

Answer 15

Pancreatic and Salivary

Question 16

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This converts carbohydrates to become monosaccharides, digesting each particle into their simplest form which is absorbable by the intestine

Answer 16

Brush Border Enzymes (BBE)

Question 17

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

A deficiency of Brush Border Enzymes leads to?

Answer 17

Malabsorption

Question 18

Brush Border Enzymes

Acts on dextrin

Answer 18

Alpha Dextrinase

Question 19

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose

Answer 19

Sucrase

Question 20

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose

Answer 20

Lactase

Question 21

Brush Border Enzymes

Breaks down maltose to 2 glucose units

Answer 21

Maltase

Question 22

Digestion of Carbs in the SI

This condition results from lactase deficiency and manifests with diarrheic stools, bloating, and metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

Lactose Intolerance

Question 23

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Protein digestion starts in the stomach with the aid of what?

Answer 23

Pepsin

Question 24

Digestion of Proteins in the SI

Proteins are degraded into what for intestinal absorption?

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

# Digestion of Proteins in the SI Refers to the group of enzymes consisting of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, and Elastase

Answer 25

Endopeptidases

Question 26

# Digestion of Proteins in the SI Refers to the group of enzymes consisting of Carboxypeptidase and Aminopeptidase

Answer 26

Exopeptidases

Question 26

# Digestion of Proteins in the SI Brush Border Enzymes (BBEs) are responsible for digesting proteins into its absorbable form such as? (3)

Answer 26

1. Polypeptides 2. Peptides 3. Amino acids

Question 27

# Digestion of Proteins in the SI Brush Border Enzymes (BBEs) are those of what 2 enzymes?

Answer 27

1. Aminopeptidase 2. Dipeptidase

Question 28

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI These enzymes split up TAG and phospholipids

Answer 28

Lipases

Question 29

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI What are the 3 types of lipases?

Answer 29

1. Lingual 2. Gastric 3. Pancreatic

Question 30

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI - The most important lipase - A deficiency of this leads to malabsorption and manifests as steatorrheaic stool

Answer 30

Pancreatic lipase

Question 31

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI A deficiency of pancreatic lipase leads to malabsorption and manifests as steatorrheaic stool which can also be seen in what parasite infection?

Answer 31

Giardiasis

Question 32

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI This process is due to the action of bile acids which acts on fat by inserting micelles in the lipids, making them water-soluble

Answer 32

Fat emulsification

Question 33

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI Fats need to be (blank) in order for them to be absorbed by the body, via the breakage of micelles

Answer 33

Water-soluble

Question 34

# Digestion of Lipids in the SI This is the specific area where fats are absorbed

Answer 34

Lacteals (in the jejunum)

Question 35

# Digestion of Nucleic Acids This is made up of a nucleoside and a phosphate group

Answer 35

Nucleotides

Question 36

# Digestion of Nucleic Acids This is when a sugar backbone combines with nitrogenous bases (A, G, T, C)

Answer 36

Nucleosides

Question 37

# Digestion of Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are degraded into the sugar portion known as?

Answer 37

Nucleotides | Note: It also has the bases and phosphate groups which are absorbable

Question 38

# Digestion of Nucleic Acids Produced in the pancreas A. Ribonucleases B. Deoxyribonucleases C. Both D. Neither

Answer 38

C. Both

Question 39

# Digestion of Nucleic Acids Aside from ribonucleases and deoxyribonucleases, what are the other 2 enzymes?

Answer 39

1. Phosphatases 2. Nucleases

Question 40

Digestion of CHO A. Salivary amylase B. Pancreatic amylase C. Both D. Neither

Answer 40

C. Both

Question 41

# Digestion of CHO Digestion of CHO (enzymes) A. Maltose B. Lactase C. Both D. Neither

Answer 41

B. Lactase (maltose should be MALTASE)

Question 42

Digestion of CHO (enzymes) A. Beta dextrinase B. Alpha dextrinase C. Both D. Neither

Answer 42

B. Alpha dextrinase

Question 43

Digestion of CHON A. Endopeptidase B. Exopeptidase C. Both D. Neither

Answer 43

C. Both

Question 44

Digestion of CHON A. Aminopeptidase B. Tripeptidase C. Both D. Neither

Answer 44

A. Aminopeptidase (should be dipeptidase)

Question 45

Digestion of lipids: A. Lingual lipase B. Gastric lipase C. Gallbladder lipase D. A and B E. B and C

Answer 45

D. A and B (the other is pancreatic lipase)

Question 46

Digestion of lipids: A. Phosphatases B. Nucleases C. Both D. Neither

Answer 46

D. Neither (both are for the digestion of nucleic acids)