Face Flashcards by Geno Sadaya

The facial nerve exits through which structure?

Stylomastoid foramen

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Group of muscles responsible for “dimples”

a. oral
b. dilators
c. modiolus
d. aponeurosis

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The part of orbicularis oculi responsible for gently closing the eyelids

Palpebral part

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TRUE of the facial nerve

a. mandibular and cervical nerves have multiple branches
b. branches of facial nerve superficial to the muscles
c. danger area for nerve in the face is over the zygoma
d. no anastomosis among nerves

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Marrionette lines are formed by contraction of:

a. levator anguli
b. depressor labii
c. depressor anguli
d. levator labii superioris

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Which muscle opens the Eustachian tube?

Tensor veli palatine

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Which muscle causes horizontal wrinkles above the root of the nose?

Procerus

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Smiling muscle:

a. Risorius
b. Procerus
c. Zygomaticus Major
d. NOTA

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Which is not a dilator of the nose?

a. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasii
b. Anterior and posterior dilators
c. Alar nasalis
d. Transverse nasalis

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This ligament prevents condylar dislocation posteriorly

A. temporomandibular ligament
B. sphenomandibular ligament
C. stylomandibular ligament

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The ff are symptoms of facial nerve paralysis EXCEPT

A. accumulation of food in the oral vestibule
B. drooling to the side affected
C. intact ability to whistle
D. drooping eyelid

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What structures comprise pes anserinus?

A. Peripheral branches of the facial nerve
B. Maxillary artery and its branches
C. Pterygoid venous plexus
D. None of the above

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Which of these is correct?

A. The inferior alveolar artery is a branch of the second part of the internal maxillary artery.
B. The chorda tympani joins the lingual nerve from the anterior
C. The temporal branch of the facial nerve is subcutaneous and easily injured surgically
D. The lower head of the lateral pterygoid is smaller than the superior head

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Branch of the Facial Nerve which causes very noticeable facial assymetry when cut:

A. Cervical
B. Marginal Mandibular
C. Zygomatic
D. Temporal

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Facial nerve branches into _____ after it exits the stylomastoid foramen, before it enters the parotid gland:

A. chorda tympani
B. stapedius
C. posterior auricular
D. anterior tympanic

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Which takes longer in growth: facial bones or bones of the calvaria?

Facial bones

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Five layers of the scalp

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar tissue, Pericranium

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Embryonic origin of muscles of fascial expression

Mesoderm in second pharyngeal arch

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Motor innervation of facial muscles

Facial nerve (CN VII), and motor branch of Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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The frontal belly of occipitofrontalis muscle has no bony attachments. T/F

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Action of occipitofrontalis frontal belly

Protracts scalp; elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forhead

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Action of occipitofrontalis occipital belly

Retracts scalp; increases effectiveness of frontal belly

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Muscle which protrudes lips when kissing or resists distension when blowing

Orbicularis oris

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Actions of the platysma

Depresses mandible (against resistance); tenses skin of inferior face and neck

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Parts of the orbicularis oculi

Orbital part, palpebral part, lacrimal part

The procerus is continuous with which muscle?

Occipitofrontalis muscle

Aperture between the eyelids

Palpebral fissure

Direction of closing of the palpebral fissure during blinking

Lateral to medial

Part of orbicularis oculi that assists in drainage of tears

Lacrimal part

Part of orbicularis oculi that tightly closes eyelids as in winking or squinting

Orbital part

When all three parts of the orbicularis oculi contract, the eyes are firmly closed. T/F

Actions of corrugator supercili

Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly, creating vertical wrinkles above nose

Muscle that creates vertical wrinkles above nose

Corrugator supercilli

Muscles of the ears

Anterior auricular muscle, superior auricular muscle, posterior auricular muscle

Action of depressor septi

Depresses nasal septum

Parts of nasalis

Transverse (compressor) naris, and alar (dilator) naris

Action of nasalis

Transverse: Compresses nasal opening Alar: Dilates nasal opening

Compresses and dilates nasal opening

Nasalis muscle

Action of depressor supercilli

Lowers eyebrows

Muscles that dilate the external nares

Alar part of nasalis and levator labii superioris alaque nasi

Actions of levator labii superioris alaque nasi

Raises lip and dilates nares

Action of levator labii superioris

Raises and/or everts upper lip, deepens nasolabial sulcus

Action of zygomaticus major

Elevates labial commissure

Zygomaticus minor is almost continuous with which muscle?

Orbicularis oris

Action of zygomaticus minor

Elevates and/or everts upper lip, deepens nasolabial sulcus

Action of risorius

Pulls corners of mouth bilaterally

Action of levator anguli oris

Raises angles of the mouth

Action of depressor labii inferioris

Depresses and/or everts lower lip

Muscles that elevate the mouth

Zygomaticus minor and major, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaque nasi, levator anguli oris, mentalis

Action of depressor anguli oris

Depresses labi commissure bilaterally

Muscles that depress the mouth

Depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, platysma

Action of mentalis

Elevates and protrudes lower lip

The orbicularis oris has no bony attachments. T/F

Cutaneous innervation of face

Trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Three main divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Opthalmic nerve, Maxillary nerve, Mandibular nerve

Smallest of the three divisions of CN V

Opthalmic nerve

The opthalmic nerve is purely motor. T/F

F It is purely sensory.

CN V enters the orbit through this opeining

Superior orbital fissure

The opthalmic nerve trifurcates into which nerves?

Frontal nerve, nasociliary nerve, and lacrimal nerve

Largest branch of opthalmic nerve

Frontal nerve

Smallest branch of opthalmic nerve

Lacrimal

Lacrimal gland innervation

Lacrimal nerve from the opthalmic nerve (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

The maxillary nerve is purely sensory. T/F

Foramen through which the maxillary nerves leave the cranium

Foramen rotundum

Largest division of the trigeminal nerve

Mandibular nerve

The maxillary nerve divides into these branches after is passes through foramen rotundum

Zygomatic neve, infra-orbital nerve

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies the following area/s a. wing of the nose b. bridge of the nose c. tip of the nose d. chin

The “nasolabial deepener” is the a. orbicularis oris b. procerus c. orbicularis oculi d. none of the above

D The nasolabial crease is created by the tone of the zygomaticus minor and the levator labii superioris.

In facial nerve paralysis, the following is/are true a. inability to smile b. inability to whistle c. shallow nasolabial fold d. none of the above

B In facial nerve paralysis, or Bell’s palsy, all of the facial muscles are paralyzed. This does NOT include the four muscles of mastication, namely: masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, as they are supplied by the motor component of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

The following areas are supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve a. upper lip b. wing of the nose c. upper part of the skin of the cheek d. tip of the nose

D It is supplied by the external nasal nerve, a branch of the nasociliary nerve, which originates form the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1).

The mandibular division of the facial nerve supplies the following muscle/s a. depressor labii inferioris b. nasalis c. buccinator d. none of the above

A The facial nerve famously splits into five after passing through the parotid:

Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve innervates: a. Bridge of the nose b. Tip of the nose c. Upper lip d. All of the above

Innervation of upper eyelid

Opthalmic nerve (V1)

Innervation of tip of the nose

Opthalmic nerve (V1)

Innervation of upper lip

Maxillary nerve (V2)

Innervation of temporalis

Mandibular nerve (V3)

Which of these is FALSE? a. tip of the nose is innervated by V1 b. chin by V3 c. cheek by V2 d. forehead by V2

Terminal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve

External nasal nerve

Terminal branch of nasocilliary nerve

Infratrochlear nerve

Opening through which the V3 emerges from the cranium

Foramen ovale

The only division of CN V that carries motor fibers

Main cutaneous branches of V3

Auriculotemporal, buccal, and mental

CN VII has both motor root and sensory/parasympathetic root. T/F

When CN VII emerges from the stylomastoid foramen, it immediately gives of which branch?

Posterior auricular nerve

Structures supplied by the posterior auricular nerve

Auricularis posterior and occupital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle

The facial nerve forms the parotid plexus inside which structure?

The parotid gland

What does the facial nerve form within the parotid ?

Parotid plexus

Branches given of by the parotid plexus

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandible, cervical

Muscles supplied by the temporal branch of CN VII

Auricularis anterior, auricularis superior, frontal belly of occipitofrontalis, superior part of orbicularis oculi

The buccal branch of CN VII passes internal to the buccinator muscle. T/F

F It passes external to the buccinator muscle.

Muscles supplied by the buccal branch of CN VII

Buccal muscle, upper parts of orbicularis oris, inferior fibers of levator labii superioris

Muscles supplied by the cervical branch of CN VII

Platysma

Muscles supplied by the marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

Risorius, lower lip and chin muscles

Most superficial arteries of the face are branches or derivatives of the internal carotid artery. T/F

F They are of the external carotid artery.

Which provides major arterial supply to the face?

Facial artery

The facial artery derives from which vessel?

External carotid artery

The facial artery lies deep to which muscles?

Zygomaticus major and levator labii superioris

Zygomaticus minor and levator labii superioris are antagonists. T/F

F They produce the same action.

The external nasal nerve is the terminal branch of which nerve?

Anterior ethmoid nerve

Arteries sent by the facial artery to the upper and lower lips

Superior and inferior labial arteries

Terminal part of facial artery

Angular artery

The angular artery is the terminal part of which artery?

Facial

The supraorbital nerve exits the skull through which opening?

Superior orbital foramen

The infraorbital nerve exits the skull through which opening?

Inferior orbital foramen

When the infraorbital nerve passes through the inferior orbital foramen, it divides into these branches

Palpebral, nasal, and labial

Facial veins are valveless. T/F

Veins that provide the primary superficial drainage of the face

Facial veins

The facial veins drain directly or indirectly into which vein?

Internal jugular

Not true of V1 A. The frontal nerve is the largest B. The lacrimal is the smallest C. The external nasal innervates the lateral nose D. Supraorbital comes from frontal

What has hyperesthesia if the superior orbital fissure is affected? A. Forehead B. Cheeks C. Temples D. Chin

The transverse facial artery arises from which arteries?

Superficial temporal artery

The buccinator is innervated by the ____ branch of the facial nerve? a. Temporal b. Zygomatic c. Buccal d. NOTA

The area that is supplied by the mandibular nerve: a. Lower eyelid b. Upper lip c. Lower lip

Which pairing is incorrect? A. Foramen magnum : CN XI B. Foramen spinosum : CNV2 C. Superior orbital fissure : CN VI D. Foramen ovale: CN V3

All are branches of the facial artery except: a. Inferior labial artery b. Superior labial artery c. Lateral nasal artery d. Dorsal nasal artery

A 35-year old female complained of severe pain on the left side of her face. You suddenly thought of the following foramina except: a. Superior orbital fissure b. Foramen rotundum c. Stylomastoid foramen d. Foramen ovale

Where is the main trunk of the facial nerve located? a. Lateral to styloid process b. Inferior to foramen ovale c. Medial to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle d. Superior to the transverse facial artery

The lateral junction of the lips

Labial commissure

16. Transection of this nerve results in the dryness of the eyes a. Chorda tympani b. Arnold’s nerve c. Jacobson’s nerve d. Facial nerve

The danger area of the scalp

Loose connective tissue layer (layer four)

Why is the loose connective tissue layer the danger are of the scalp?

Infection in this layer can easily pass into the cranial cavity through emissary veins and reach intracranial structures.

Injury to the facial nerve or its branches produces paralysis of facial muscles on the opposite side or the affected side?

Affected side

Paralysis of the facial muscles caused by injury to the facial nerve or its branches

Bell palsy

Which nerve is anesthesized for reparing the maxillary incisor teeth?

Infraorbital nerve

Which nerve is anasthesized to suture a severe laceration of the lower lip?

Mental nerve

Where is the retromolar fossa located?

Posterior the 3rd mandibular molar between the anterior border of the ramus and the tempoal crest

Where is the temporal pulse palpated?

Where the superficial temporal artery crosses the zygomatic process just anterior to the auricle

Where is the facial pulse palpated?

Inferior border of the mandible, immediately interior the masseter

Ear surgery can cause damage to this nerve and result to dryness of the eyes a. Chorda tympani b. arnold’s nerve c. Jacobson’s nerver d. Facial nerve

Which of the following is true about the mandibular nerve? A. The nerve to the masseter is big and sensory B. The buccal nerve is anterior and motor C. The mylohyoid is anterior but motor D. The auriculotemporal nerve is anterior and motor

What does not correctly describe the procerus? a. part of the orbital muscle group b. is a deep muscle c. produces transverse lines in the forehead d. lifts the nose