Face and Neck Trauma

Question 1

Describe the process of a blowout fracture.

Answer 1

• Fracture to the orbital floor.
• Results in forces away from the eyeball itself.

Question 2

Fill in the blank.

The _____ _____ decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance for voice.

Answer 2

paranasal sinuses

Question 3

Fill in the blank.

The ____ ____ floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible.

Answer 3

hyoid bone

Question 4

Define:

sclera

Answer 4

White of the eyes.

Question 5

Define:

cornea

Answer 5

Transparent covering of the eye.

Question 6

Define:

conjuctiva

Answer 6

Covers sclera and internal surfaces of eye.

Question 7

Define:

iris

Answer 7

Color of the eye.

Question 8

True or false.

Maxilla fracture is a fracture of the bottom jaw.

Answer 8

False

The Maxilla is the top jaw.

Think: MAX = Toped out

Question 9

What substance is the anterior chamber of the eye filled with?

Answer 9

aqueous humor

A clear watery fluid between lens and the cornea.

Question 10

What substance is the posterior chamber of the eye filled with?

Answer 10

vitreous humor

A jellylike substance that maintains shape of eye.

Question 11

What are the three parts of the ear?

Answer 11

1. External
2. Middle
3. Internal

Question 12

Define:

pinna

Answer 12

Outside cartilage of ear.

Question 13

Define:

cochlea

Answer 13

A shell shaped structure in the inner ear that vibrates and contains fluid to sense balance.

Question 14

Define:

flexion injuries

Answer 14

Neck moving forward in collision.

A more prevalent cause of injury is that collars prevent movement downward.

Question 15

What cervical vertebrae is responsible for the diaphragm/breathing of a patient?

Answer 15

C5

Keeps the diaphragm alive.

Question 16

Define:

diplopia

Answer 16

double vision

Question 17

Define

hyphema

Answer 17

Bleeding into anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 18

Define:

retinal detachment

Answer 18

Separation of the inner layers of retina.

Question 19

Define:

sympathetic eye movement

Answer 19

Movement of both eyes in unison.

Importance of covering both eyes during injury.

Question 20

How can you test a cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 20

• test with glucometer
• HALO test

Question 21

Treatment:

Avulsion of Pinna

Answer 21

Realign the ear and bandage with moist, sterile dressing.

Question 22

How many teeth does the adult have?

Answer 22

32

Question 23

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 23

Motor function to the tongue muscles.

Question 24

Describe the three types of Le Forte fractures.

Answer 24

Le Fort I: Fracture of maxilla with hard palate and inferior maxilla involvement.

Le Fort II: Fracture with a pyramid shape, nasal bone, and inferior maxilla involvement.

Le Fort III: Separates entire midface from the cranium.

Question 25

# Treatment: Facial Trauma

Answer 25

* C spine * Jaw-Thrust Maneuver (airway) * Consider CRIC if unable to intubate

Question 26

# Define: conjunctivitis

Answer 26

Inflammation of the conjunctiva. ## Footnote Typically caused by an infection or foreign bodies.

Question 27

What are the **signs/symptoms** of **retinal detachment**?

Answer 27

* flashing * light specks * “floaters” in vision ## Footnote Typically found in boxing and sports injuries.

Question 28

# Treatment: **chemical burns** to the **eye**

Answer 28

Irrigation of the eye with water/normal saline.

Question 29

# Treatment: avulsion of eyeball

Answer 29

* Never exert pressure or attempt to reposition globe out of socket. * Apply moist sterile dressing. * Cover injured eye and unaffected eye.

Question 30

# Treatment: **impaled object** in the **eye**

Answer 30

* stabilize * cover the unaffected eye

Question 31

What are the **four** ways to **irrigate the eye**?

Answer 31

1. nasal cannula 2. shower 3. bottle 4. basin

Question 32

What do you do with an **avulsed tooth**?

Answer 32

Place in **sterile saline solution or cold milk**.

Question 33

What is the cause of **esophageal perforation**?

Answer 33

mediastinitis

Question 34

# Define: dysphagia

Answer 34

difficulty swallowing

Question 35

# Fill in the blank. **Open neck wounds** should be covered with an \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 35

occlusive dressing

Question 36

# Define: sprain

Answer 36

stretching of ligament

Question 37

# Define: strain

Answer 37

stretching of tendon/muscle

Question 38

What are the **NEXUS criteria** for possible spinal injury?

Answer 38

* spinal tenderness * focal neurological deficit * decreased LOC * intoxication ## Footnote If one of the above is present, the risk of spinal Injury increases.