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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (3) Trauma > Environmental Emergencies > Flashcards

Environmental Emergencies Flashcards

Learn the different interventions and causes of Environmental Emergencies

1
Q

What is the Hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Controls and Monitors body temperature

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2
Q

Define

Thermoregulation

A

The body’s ability to maintain a set temperature

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3
Q

What is a typical BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate)?

A

70 kilocalories/hr

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4
Q

Define

Evaporation

A

Liquid to a gas

Such as sweating

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5
Q

Define

Convection

A

Energy transfer by moving air over a liquid

Such as wind chill across the body

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6
Q

Define

Conduction

A

Direct physical contact transfers energy from one to the other

Such as jumping into a cold lake

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7
Q

Define

Radiation

A

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves

Heat loss through the head

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8
Q

Define

Thermolysis

A

How the body releases stored heat

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9
Q

Define

Thermogenesis

A

Production of heat and energy from the body

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10
Q

How do certain medications alter the body’s ability to maintain proper thermoregulation?

A
  • Diuretics cause dehydration
  • Beta blockers limit compensation of cardiovascular systems
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11
Q

Describe

Heat Cramps

A

Acute muscle spasms

Causes: occurs from profuse sweating and sodium loss

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12
Q

Assessment

Heat Cramps

A
  • Hypotension
  • Nausea
  • Rapid pulse
  • Pale and moist skin
  • Normal temperature
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13
Q

Treatment

Heat Cramps

A
  • Move to cool environment
  • Fluid replenishment
  • IV Normal Saline
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14
Q

Define

Heat Exhaustion

A

Heat Stress and Volume depletion

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15
Q

Assessment

Heat Exhaustion

A

Temp < 104°F

  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Cramping
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16
Q

Treatment

Heat Exhaustion

A
  • Passive Cooling
  • Fluids
  • Supine with legs elevated
  • Oral hydration
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17
Q

What is

Heat Stroke

A

Core Body Temp > 104°F and Altered Mental Status

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18
Q

Assessment

Heat Stroke

A
  • CBT > 104°F
  • Altered Mental Status
  • Dry, Flushed Skin
  • Tachycardia
  • Hypotension or Normotensive
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19
Q

Treatment

Heat Stroke

A
  • Remove from offending environment
  • Strip Patient of Clothing
  • Cover in Ice Water
  • Fan Patient
  • Fluid Resuscitation
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20
Q

What is

Frost Bite

A

Ischemic injury to tissues from exposures to the cold

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21
Q

Signs/Symtpoms

Superficial Frostbite

A
  • Altered sensation
  • Numbness
  • Tingling
  • Burning
  • White/Waxy
22
Q

Signs/Symptoms

Deep Frostbite

A
  • Hard
  • Yellow, Mottled Blue, White
  • No sensation
23
Q

Signs/Symtpoms

Gangrene

A
  • Black
  • Mottled Block

Permanent Damage

24
Q

Treatment

Frost Bite

A
  • Get patient out of cold
  • Remove wet clothing
  • DO NOT rub or massage area
  • Cover with dry sterile dressing
  • Pain management
  • Consider rewarming if unable to refreeze
25
Q

What is

Trench Foot

A

Extended exposure to wet and cold environments

26
Q

Define

Hypothermia

A

Core Body Temp < 35°C

27
Q

Define

Mild Hypothermia

A

34-35°C

28
Q

Treatment

Mild Hypothermia

A

Passive Rewarming

29
Q

Define

Moderate Hypothermia

A

30-34°C

30
Q

Define

Severe Hypothermia

A

<30°C

31
Q

Treatment

Severe Hypothermia

A
  • Warm IV Fluids
  • Warm, humidified oxygen
  • Warm cavity lavage
  • Passive/Active Rewarming
32
Q

List

Different classifications of Hypothermia in °C

A
  • Mild 34-36
  • Moderate 30-34
  • Severe <30
33
Q

Every 33 feet below sea level is ___ atmosphere(s)

A

1

34
Q

What are the associated considerations in a freshwater drowning?

A

Bacteria and Infection from the water

35
Q

What are the associated considerations in a saltwater drowning?

A

Salt causes fluid shift in the lungs

36
Q

Explain

Barotrauma in water during ascension

A

Ascending too quickly to the surface causes the lung tissue to over stretch too quickly

Can create a pneumothorax

37
Q

What is

Decompression Sickness

A

Nitrogen within the blood is forced into the tissues of the body

38
Q

Treatment

Decompression Sickness

A

Hyperbaric Chamber

39
Q

What is

Altitude Illness

A

The effects of altitude on the body due to a decrease in atmospheric pressure

40
Q

Signs/Symptoms

Acute Mountain Illness

A

Headache + fatigue, weakness, GI symptoms, dizziness, difficulty sleeping

41
Q

Signs/Symptoms

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema

A

At Least 2 of the Following:

  • Dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Weakness
  • Chest tightness
  • Wheezing
  • Rales
  • Tachypnea
42
Q

Sings/Symptoms

High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE)

A

Altered Mental Status

or

Mental Changes

43
Q

What is

The Lichtenburg Figure

A

Lightning strands burned into the skin

44
Q

What type of snakes are Crotalids?

A

Pit Vipers (Rattlesnakes, Cottonmouths)

Poisonous!

45
Q

What type of snakes are Elapids?

A

Coral Snakes

46
Q

Describe the Characteristics of a Venomous vs. Non-venomous snake

A

Venomous:

  • Vertical Pupils
  • Two Fangs
  • Pit between the eye

Non-Venomous:

  • Round Pupils
  • Double Row of Teeth
47
Q

Treatment

Venom

A
  • Clean wound with antimicrobials
  • Blood Draw
  • Immobilize Extremity
  • Remove jewelry
  • Crofab (Anti-venom)
48
Q

Assessment

Brown Recluse vs. Black Widow bite

A

Brown Recluse:

  • Bites are painless
  • Sloughing of Skin
  • Necrotic Lesion
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Fever

Black Widow:

  • Instant Pain
  • Local Muscle Spasm
  • Abdominal Spasms
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Respiratory Difficulty
49
Q

Treatment

Stingray Bite

A

Hot fresh/salt water

50
Q

Treatment

Jelly Fish

A

Salt Water

If fluid is hypotonic, then the vesicle lodged can be squeezed, releasing more toxin

51
Q

What insect can cause Lyme Disease from its bite?

A

Tick

52
Q

Describe how you remove a Tick

A
  • Curved Forceps
  • Grab Tick by the head
  • Pull straight up
  • Dispose in container of alcohol

EMT-P (3) Trauma (10 decks)

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