Fall review for quiz 1

Question 1

in what direction does the roll occur in arthrokinematic movements?

Answer 1

in the direction of osteokinematic movement

Question 2

in what direction does the slide/glide occur in arthrokinematic movements?

Answer 2

direction of motion, dependent on joint structure

Question 3

when a concave articular surface moves on a relatively stationary convex surface roll and slide occur in…

Answer 3

same direction

Question 4

when a convex surface moving on a concave surface roll and slide occur in…

Answer 4

opposite direction

Question 5

for open chain tasks eyes should look at ________ segment to determine the roll

Answer 5

distal

Question 6

for closed chain tasks eyes should look at ___________ segment of the joint to determine the roll

Answer 6

proximal

Question 7

define moment arm

Answer 7

the perpendicular distance from the line of action to the axis of rotation

Question 8

define rotary arm

Answer 8

the perpendicular distance from the point of application on a lever

Question 9

define a lever arm

Answer 9

distance from the point of application of the force to the axis of rotation

Question 10

what is creep?

Answer 10

when load is suddenly applied and then held constant overtime, continued deformation over time though load is held constant

Question 11

what is stress relaxation?

Answer 11

deformation held constant, force required to maintain a deformation decreases over time

Question 12

what is a vector component?

Answer 12

goes in the force of muscle fiber orientation, always parallel to the lever from the POA

Question 13

what is a compression component?

Answer 13

the vector goes into the joint or POA is superior to joint

Question 14

what is a tension component?

Answer 14

the vector goes away from the joint or POA is inferior to joint

Question 15

what is a rotary component?

Answer 15

torque always perpendicular at the POA

Question 16

POA

Answer 16

point of application; location where the force is applied

Question 17

LOA

Answer 17

line of action; direction and angle of the force

Question 18

define magnitude

Answer 18

length of vector

Question 19

what is an open kinematic chain?

Answer 19

distal joint segment is free to move while proximal segment provides stability

Question 20

what is a closed kinematic chain?

Answer 20

distal joint segment is fixed from moving while proximal segments are allowed to move on stable distal segments

Question 21

what is a first class lever?

Answer 21

fulcrum is in the middle

Question 22

what is a second class lever?

Answer 22

fulcrum –> resistance –> effort

Question 23

what does a second class lever favor?

Answer 23

power and efficiency

Question 24

what type of contractions are second class levers?

Answer 24

eccentric

Question 25

what is a third class lever?

Answer 25

fulcrum --> effort --> resistance

Question 26

what does a third class lever favor?

Answer 26

speed and ROM

Question 27

what type of contractions are third class levers?

Answer 27

concentric

Question 28

what is mechanical advantage?

Answer 28

greater the efficiency the less effort necessary to overcome a greater resistance MA= EA/RA

Question 29

what mechanical advantage do first class levers have?

Answer 29

MA = 1

Question 30

what mechanical advantage do second class levers have?

Answer 30

MA > 1 (most efficient)

Question 31

what mechanical advantage do third class levers have?

Answer 31

MA < 1 (least efficient)

Question 32

what is a moment?

Answer 32

moment = potential torque

Question 33

why is torque always applied off center?

Answer 33

because there needs to be a max force

Question 34

what does max force rely on?

Answer 34

timely addition of joint torques max torque production at each joint participation of all joints possible

Question 35

if the sum of torques = 0 ...

Answer 35

static equilibrium

Question 36

what effect does reducing gravity have and how can it be accomplished?

Answer 36

it makes it easier on the patient... we can put them in gravity eliminating position

Question 37

how can we effect the MA of gravity?

Answer 37

move the center of mass closer to the joint

Question 38

how can we alter the MA of muscle?

Answer 38

alter angle of joint to optimal mid position of that joint

Question 39

how can we alter the muscle?

Answer 39

alter the joint angle

Question 40

what is an active insufficiency?

Answer 40

must cross two joints. agonist muscle has either too much or too little myosin and actin overlap.

Question 41

what is a passive insufficiency?

Answer 41

must cross two joints. antagonist muscle is stretched but it is too short to allow further movement

Question 42

if the PT can not take the patient any further than where the pt could take themself is this an active or passive insufficiency?

Answer 42

passive

Question 43

if the PT can take the patient any further than where the pt could take themself is this an active or passive insufficiency?

Answer 43

active

Question 44

what are the 3 cardinal planes

Answer 44

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

Question 45

the sagittal plane is about or around what axis?

Answer 45

medial-lateral

Question 46

the frontal plane is about or around what axis?

Answer 46

anterior-posterior

Question 47

the transverse plane is about or around what axis?

Answer 47

longitudinal or vertical

Question 48

what directions occur in the sagittal plane?

Answer 48

flexion/extension

Question 49

what directions occur in the frontal plane?

Answer 49

abduction/adduction (lateral flexion)