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gait analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the gait cycle?

A

60% stance and 40% swing

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2
Q

what quantifies as one complete gait cycle?

A

heel strike of 1 foot to heel strike of the same foot

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3
Q

what are the traditional phases of the gait cycle?

A

heel strike
foot flat
midstance
heel off
toe off
acceleration
midswing
deceleration

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4
Q

what are the rancho los amigos (RLA) terminology for the phases in the gait cycle?

A

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing
initial swing
midswing
terminal swing

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5
Q

what is needed for a phase?

A

a contraction type change
direction type change
add or take away force
a start and an end

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6
Q

what is the RLA definition for initial contact?

A

instant heel contacts the ground

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7
Q

what is the RLA definition for loading response?

A

from heel contact to foot flat. “phase” continues until contralateral limb lifts off the ground

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8
Q

what is a double support phase mean?

A

when both feet are on the ground

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9
Q

What does the loading response phase end and start?

A

Ends double support phase, beginning stance phase

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10
Q

How can double support time increase or when would we expect to see it. Increase?

A

With decrease cadence. Would expect to see it with balance/vestibular disorders and/or age (young or old)

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11
Q

What percent of the gait cycle are we in double stance phase for?

A

22%

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12
Q

What is the RLA definition of mid stance phase?

A

From foot flat position until the body is supported over the weight bearing limb. Begins when the contra lateral extremity lifts off the ground

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13
Q

What is the RLA definition of terminal stance?

A

From mid stance through heel off of the WB extremity. From mid stance until initial contact of contra lateral extremity

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14
Q

What is the RLA definition of preswing phase?

A

From heel off until toe off of the WB extremity

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15
Q

What is the RLA definition of initial swing?

A

From toe off until maximum knee flexión of ipsilateral extremity (thigh is perpendicular to the floor)

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16
Q

What is the RLA definition of mid swing?

A

From maximum knee flexión until tibia is in a vertical position

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17
Q

What is the RLA definition of terminal swing phase?

A

From vertical tibia position until just before initial contact of the ipsilateral extremity

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18
Q

What quantifies a step?

A

Initial contact of one foot to initial contact of other foot

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19
Q

What quantifies one stride?

A

1 Gait cycle (heel contact of one foot to heel contact of the same foot)

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20
Q

Where is the COM in the body?

A

Anterior to S2

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21
Q

Which planes are displaced during gait?

A

Sagittal and frontal plane

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22
Q

What occurs in the sagittal plane during gait?

A

5 cm displacement superior-inferior
Max during simultaneous mid stance and mid swing
Min during double support

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23
Q

What occurs in the frontal plane during gait?

A

Max just after mid stance as BW is shifted over stance limb
Increased step width allows greater med./lat. displacement of COM
Narrow width= less energy expended= increased efficiency

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24
Q

during gait adjustments are made by the pelvis, hips, knees, and ankles… why is this?

A

to preserve energy

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25
when does the lateral pelvic tilt/hemipelvic depression occur?
during midswing
26
what happens during the lateral pelvic tilt?
COM reaches highest point, slight depression of unsupported limb minimizes rise of COM
27
who is the agonist and antagonist during the lateral pelvic tilt?
agonist- gravity antagonist- skeletal muscle
28
which movement reduces the rise of the COM during midstance?
knee flexion
29
coordinations of knee, ankle and foot kinematic interactions are to create what?
a smooth sinusoidal curve
30
what are the positions of the knee, talocrural joint and subtalar joint from initial contact through loading response?
knee flexion TC PF subtalar pronation
31
what is occurring from initial contact through loading response from the knee down?
relative shortening of extremity preventing an abrupt rise in COM after heel strike without this we would see a sharp rise in COM as tibia would be over talus
32
what are the positions of the knee, talocrural joint and subtalar joint from midstance through terminal stance?
knee extension TC PF subtalar supination
33
what is occurring from midstance through terminal stance from the knee down?
COM is lowering, slows decent of COM by a relative lengthening of stance limb
34
forward rotation of the pelvis is seen with which extremity and approximately how much?
swing extremity 4-8mm on swing side
35
at initial contact what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
neutral 0º in sagittal plane
36
at initial contact what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
supinated
37
at initial contact what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
15º extension
38
during loading response what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
PF 15º
39
during loading response what is the position of the right subtalar?
commences pronation
40
during loading response what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
flexing
41
during midstance what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
5-10º DF
42
during midstance what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
completes pronation starts supination
43
during midstance what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
neutral
44
during terminal stance what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
neutral
45
during terminal stance what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
supinated or supinating
46
during terminal stance what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
extension to 30º
47
during preswing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
PF to 20º
48
during preswing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
supinated
49
during preswing what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
50-60º extension
50
during initial swing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
10º PF
51
during initial swing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
supinated
52
during initial swing what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
flexing (back to neutral)
53
during midswing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
neutral
54
during midswing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?
supinated
55
during midswing what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
neutral
56
during terminal swing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?
neutral
57
during terminal swing what is the position of the subtalar?
supinated
58
during terminal swing what is the position of the right toes (MTP's)?
15º extension
59
if a patient is planning to sit what is the desired motion?
flexion moment
60
if a patient is planning to stand what is the undesired motion?
flexion moment
61
if a patient is planning to sit what is the contraction type and why?
eccentric: agonist- gravity antagonist- skeletal muscle
62
if a patient is planning to stand what is the contraction type and why?
concentric agonist- skeletal muscle antagonist- gravity
63
during loading response the ankle acts __________?
eccentric (tibialis anterior)
64
during midstance the ankle acts __________?
eccentric (triceps surae)
65
during terminal stance the ankle acts __________?
concentric (triceps surae)
66
during preswing the ankle acts __________?
concentric (triceps surae)
67
during initial swing the ankle acts __________?
concentric (tibialis anterior)
68
during midswing the ankle acts __________?
concentric (tibialis anterior)
69
during terminal stance the ankle acts __________?
isometric (tibialis anterior)
70
at initial contact what is the position of the right knee joint?
full extension screw home
71
during loading response/foot flat what is the position of the right knee joint?
15º flexion (=15º flexion IC through LR) IR tibia (ER femur) = unlocking screw home
72
during midstance what is the position of the right knee joint?
5º flexion (=10º extension from LR through MS) obligatory ER (IR femur)
73
during terminal stance/heel off what is the position of the right knee joint?
full extension (=5º of extension from MSt through TSt) completes screw home
74
during preswing/toe off what is the position of the right knee joint?
flexion to 30º
75
during initial swing/acceleration what is the position of the right knee joint?
flexion to 60º
76
during midswing what is the position of the right knee joint?
flexion to 30º (=30º extension from ISw through MSw)
77
during terminal swing/deceleration what is the position of the right knee joint?
extension to 0º (=30º extension from MS to TS)
78
during loading response the knee acts __________?
eccentric (quads)
79
during midstance the knee acts __________?
concentric to then no activity of quads
80
during terminal stance the knee acts __________?
no muscle activity
81
during preswing the knee acts __________?
eccentric (quads)
82
during initial swing the knee acts __________?
concentric (hamstrings)
83
during midswing the knee acts __________?
eccentric (hamstrings)
84
during terminal swing the knee acts __________?
brief concentric quads and then eccentric hamstring (secondary to momentum)

Kines (20 decks)

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