Family Code Articles 35 to 54 - VOID and VOIDABLE Marriages. Flashcards

Question

# Persons and Family Relations **How is Psychological Incapacity characterized?**

Answer 1

Psych incapacity must be characterized by: 1. **Gravity** 2. **Juridical Antecedence** 3. **Incurability** * Incapacity must be grave/serious that the party is unable to carry out ordinary duties required in marriage. * Rooted in history of party w/c can manifest only after marriage. * Incurable beyond the control of the person.

Answer 2

* Incapacity should not include simple psychoses like low intelligence, immaturity, etc. * Must stand with **existing precepts** of _marriage law_ * REALLY JUST refers to **inability to assume basic marital obligations such as mutual love, respect, rendering help and support.. etc.** * **(basically, can't comply with ART68 of the FC)**

Answer 3

* Article 36 is considered as the code which protects the **constitutional right of marital life.** * Aimed to defend against marriages that are not equipped to promote FAMILY LIFE.

Answer 4

**PROVING PSYCHLOGICAL INCAPACITY** * _Psychosomatic_ – can only be proven by **external manifestations** * **Indicators** must be _clearly alleged in court_ * Does the spouse observe love and care for the other and the children? * Articles 220, 221, etc. dictate the duties of parents – failure of such is a good indicator of incapacity * There must be a **supervening disabling factor** (not just mere refusal or neglect) **Nationality is IMMATERIAL.**

Answer 5

Psychological incapacity must be characterized by: ## Footnote **1. Root cause** **2. Juridical antecedence** **3. Gravity** **4. Incurability**

Answer 6

**EXAMPLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INCAPACITY** * _Constant senseless refusal_ to perform marital obligations even if capable of so. * _Unreasonable attachment_ to **original family** and **barkada** * **Breakdown of family** life due to _separation_ * Separation itself is NOT a ground, nor is sexual infidelity or adulterous life * Incapacity attributed to **psychological illness** that is _not merely physical_

Answer 7

**EXAMPLES OF _NOT_ INCAPACITY** * Simple neglect and refusal * Separation or abandonment, alone * Sexual infidelity or adulterous living * Physical illness * Mere incompatibility or differences

Answer 8

**Yes.** **_HELD:_** * Court must consider as evidence the expert opinion on the disorders in deciding such cases. The marriage was held VOID. Petitioner is unable to make decisions on his own while wife’s tendency to control and blame others could harm rearing of children.

Answer 9

**HELD:** * Court followed the respondent’s psychiatrist as he was able to expand his findings in proving that the respondent was not incapacitated by consulting another psychiatrist and studying a behavioral pattern to formulate a running account of the respondent’s life. * The petitioner’s psych, however, only used isolated events and generalized findings based on basic findings. * **The petition for declaration of nullity was DENIED.** * *^{In Rumbawa v Rumbawa, court also held findings very general and denied nullity.}** * *^{In Najera v. Najera, the findings were not conducive to the totality of marriage and was thus ignored.}**

Answer 10

**1.** _PLAINTIFF has burden to prove nullity_ * Any doubt to such claim is in favor of the continuation of marriage * Church and state cherish value of union **2.** _Root cause of incapacity_ must be: 1. Medically/Clinically identified 2. Alleged in the complaint 3. Sufficiently proven by experts 4. Clearly explained in decision **\*\*** Must be PSYCHOLOGICAL although manifestations can be physical; to extent that party couldn’t have known what he was consenting to. **3.** _Incapacity exists at time of celebration_ * Show that it existed at the time they said “I do” * Manifestation need not be perceivable; illness itself must’ve attached at that moment **4.** _Clinically permanent_ or **incurable** * can be relative only to the spouse, not necessarily to other people * **relevant to marital obligations**. **5.** **Grave enough** to bring about _disability_ of party to **assume marital obligations.** * Mild character peculiarities, mood changes, emotional outbursts NOT counted * Must show downright incapacity – not refusal, neglect, difficulty or ill-will **6.** **Obligations** according to Article **68-71** (Plus **220, 221, 225**) * refers to being parents and taking care of children **7.** Interpretations by the National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal of the Catholic Church in the Philippines (NAMTCC) should be given respect. * What is declared void by the church is also void in the eyes of the state * Maintain separation of church and state BUT in marriage it will agree **8.** Trial court must order the prosecuting attorney to appear as counsel for the state.

Answer 11

**NO! NO! NO!** * Marriages between the following are incestuous and void from the beginning, whether relationship between the parties be legitimate or illegitimate: 1. Between ascendants and descendants of any degree; and 2. Between brothers and sisters, whether of the full or half blood. **(Art. 37)**

Answer 12

* Universally condemned as indecent and immoral * Abhorrent in nature; barbarous * Confusion of rights and duties in family relations * Child born of incest creates problem of social placement * Roles of father-daughter, mother-son are ruined * Children of such relations are born deficient w/c contribute to deterioration of race Social and Psychological problems Incest prohibition regulates erotic desire that control sex desires within the family unit AND prepares individual for familial responsibility to ready person for creation of his/her own nuclear family

Answer 13

Following marriages shall be **void from the beginning** for reasons of **public policy:** 1. Between **collateral blood relatives**, whether _legitimate or illegitimate, up to the 4th civil degree_ 2. Between **step-parents** and **step-children** 3. Between **parents-in-law** and **children-in-law** 4. Between the **adopting parent** and the **adopted child**; 5. Between the _**surviving spouse** of the adopting parents_ and the **_adopted child_** 6. Between the **surviving spouse of the adopted child** and the **adopter** 7. Between an **adopted child** and a **legitimate child of the adopter** 8. Between the **adopted children** of the same _adopter_ 9. Between parties where one, with the **intention to marry the other**, _killed_ that **other person’s spouse** or his or her **own spouse**.

Answer 14

Only those **mentioned in the Family Code** are **invalid marriages** _example:_ Guardian and ward can validly marry since not part of the enumeration

Answer 15

**NOPE.** **The action or defense for the declaration of absolute nullity of a marriage _shall not prescribe_. - ART39** (As amended by Executive Order 227 and Republic Act No. 8533; The phrase "However, in case of marriage celebrated before the effectivity of this Code and falling under Article 36, such action or defense shall prescribe in ten years after this Code shall taken effect" has been deleted by Republic Act No. 8533[Approved February 23, 1998]).

Answer 16

* A JD of Marriage Decree is merely declaration/confirmation of the **voidness**, **non-existence**, or **incipient invalidity** of a _marriage_

Answer 17

Prescriptive Period * the time w/in w/c to file an action for the declaration of nullity of a marriage or to invoke such nullity as a defense, whether in a direct or collateral manner, DOES NOT PRESCRIBE. * means no time limit.

Answer 18

* The SC ruled that such a petition can still proceed. * The SC justified its decision by stating that a void marriage is considered as having never to have taken place & will be treated as nonexistent. * The petition is imprescriptible & can be filed by the children even after the death of the contracting party who was their father. * WHIS WAS A WRONG RULING. **SC EN BANC RESOLUTION – AM NO. 02-11-10 (15 MARCH 2003)** * Repealed the Ninal Ruling!!!

Answer 19

* **ONLY THE HUSBAND & WIFE** can file the case, and if filed, the case will be closed or terminated if during its pendency, either the husband or wife should die ## Footnote ***_Note:*** ***_{A void marriage can still be collaterally attacked by any interested party in any proceeding where the determination of the validity of the marriage is necessary to give rise to certain rights or negate certain rights.}*** ***_{(e.g. an intestate proceeding where certain heirs can attack the validity of the marriage of the deceased parent so that the children of the deceased parent can be considered illegitimate for purposes of inheritance)}***

Answer 20

* The **HEIRS CAN NO LONGER file a case for the nullity** of the marriage of their parents, or of their parent w/ their step parent. Neither can the parents file a case for nullity in relation the marriage of their children. ## Footnote ***_Note:*** ***_{A void marriage can still be collaterally attacked by any interested party in any proceeding where the determination of the validity of the marriage is necessary to give rise to certain rights or negate certain rights.}*** ***_{(e.g. an intestate proceeding where certain heirs can attack the validity of the marriage of the deceased parent so that the children of the deceased parent can be considered illegitimate for purposes of inheritance)}***

Answer 21

**YES.** * The *absolute nullity* of a previous marriage may be invoked for purposes of remarriage on the basis solely of a **final judgment** _declaring_ such previous _marriage_ **void**. (ART40)

Answer 22

**Judicial Declaration of Nullity (JDN)** * If a marriage bet. 2 contracting parties is void ab initio, any 1 of them cannot contract a subsequent valid marriage w/o a previous judicial declaration of nullity of the previous void marriage. * However, even if the 1st marriage is judicially declared void, any subsequent marriage may still be declared void because of failure to comply w/ Arts. 52-53. **Purpose:** to do away w/ any continuing uncertainty on the status of the 2nd marriage

Answer 23

* Non-compliance with **Article 40** DOES NOT institute Bigamy in Civil and Criminal law * Good faith can be a defense in such **MERCADO v. MERCADO ruling –** held that mere non-compliance will constitute bigamy * VITUG OPINION – should not be the case because voidness of a marriage should stand alone as a defense in Bigamy w/o declaration * **Vitug opinion is the CORRECT RULING**

Answer 24

**GENERALLY, NO. That would be BIGAMY.** * A _marriage contracted_ by any person **during subsistence of a previous marriage** shall be **_null and void_**, unless before the celebration of the subsequent marriage, the prior spouse had been absent for **four consecutive years** and the _spouse present_ has a **well- founded belief** that the _absent spouse was already dead_. * In case of disappearance where there is danger of death under the circumstances set forth in the provisions of Article 391 of the Civil Code, an absence of only **two years** shall be _sufficient_. * For the purpose of contracting the subsequent marriage under the preceding paragraph the spouse present must institute a summary proceeding as provided in this Code for the **declaration of presumptive death** of the absentee, _without prejudice to the effect of **reappearance**_ of the absent spouse. **(Art. 41.)**

Answer 25

1. The _subsequent marriage_ referred to in the preceding Article shall be **automatically terminated** by the _recording of the affidavit of reappearance_ of the absent spouse, **unless:** * ****there is a **judgment annulling** the **previous marriage** or; * **declaring it void ab initio**. 2. A **sworn statement** of the _fact and circumstances of reappearance_ shall be **recorded in the civil registry** of the residence of the parties to the subsequent marriage at the instance of any interested person, with due notice to the spouses of the subsequent marriage and _without prejudice_ to the fact of _reappearance being judicially determined in case such fact is disputed_. **Art. 42.**

Answer 26

**_General Rule:_** * A marriage contracted during the lifetime of the 1st spouse is **null & void** for being _bigamous_ **_Exceptions:_** * A “bigamous” marriage may be **considered valid** if, prior to the subsequent marriage & w/o prejudice to the effect of the reappearance of the other spouse, the **present spouse** obtains a _judicial declaration of presumptive death_ via a summary proceeding in a court of competent jurisdiction.

Answer 27

**Requisites of a Valid Bigamous Marriage** 1. The prior spouse has been absent for **4 consecutive years,** or **2 consecutive years** where there is danger of death 2. Present spouse had a **well-founded belief** that the absent spouse is **dead** 3. Present spouse _institutes a summary proceeding_ & obtains a **judicial** 4. **declaration of presumptive death**

Answer 28

Judicial Declaration of Presumptive Death (JDPD) * w/o prejudice to the **effect of reappearance** of the absent souse * it is _merely a statement_ to the effect that the **prior spouse is merely presumed dead** * the _declared presumption_ is only **prima facie**, & can be **overthrown by evidence** * the fact of **death is NOT really established** * it **immunizes the present spouse from being charged of bigamy**, adultery or concubinage

Answer 29

**Termination of Subsequent Marriage** * Automatic termination of the subsequent marriage can be obtained by the recording of an affidavit of reappearance of the absent spouse in the civil registry of the residence of the parties to the subsequent marriage **EXCEPTION:** * there is a judgment annulling the previous marriage or declaring it void ab initio General Rule: * the automatic termination of the subsequent marriage is the ONLY instance where a marriage is terminated EXTRA-JUDICIALLY EXCEPTION: * if the reappearance is disputed, the same shall be subject to JUDICIAL determination General Rule: * The termination of the subsequent marriage is AUTOMATIC upon the recording of the sworn statement in the proper civil registry. Exception: * The automatic termination will be rendered ineffectual if the alleged reappearing spouse is actually an imposter. * This is because the termination is w/o prejudice to the outcome of any judicial proceeding questioning such reappearance.

Answer 30

Liquidation of the Properties of the 1st Marriage * if there is NO LIQUIDIATION of the properties of the 1st marriage and the present spouse remarries – the property regime of the subsequent marriage will be complete separation of property * if there is LIQUIDIATION of the properties of the 1st marriage & the present souse remarries – the parties may agree in the settlement as to the property regime

Answer 31

**Sworn Statement of Reappearance** * the **subsequent marriage is automatically terminated** by the recording of the affidavit of reappearance in the civil registry of the residence of the parties to the subsequent marriage. * **any interested party** may file this sworn statement of reappearance. “Interested Party” includes: 1. parents 2. children 3. present spouse 4. subsequent spouse of the present spouse 5. parents & children of the subsequent spouse

Answer 32

SSS v. Jarque v. Jarque Vda. De Bailon (2006) * If the absentee reappears, but no step is taken to terminate the subsequent marriage, either by affidavit or court action, such absentee’s mere reappearance, even if made known to the spouses in the subsequent marriage, **will NOT terminate such marriage**. * By fiction of law, s/he must still be regarded as **legally an absentee** **until** the _subsequent marriage is terminated_. ***_{Atty Mel:}*** ***_{The better view is that if the reappearance of the absent spouse is authentic, the JDPD is immediately FUNCTUS OFFICIO.}*** ***_{There mere fact of reappearance renders w/o effect the JDPD creating therefore a valid bigamous marriage prior to the filing of the sworn statement of reappearance.}***

Answer 33

* if the reappearing spouse or any interested party does NOT file any sworn statement of reappearance, the subsequent marriage remains validly subsisting, while the 1st marriage is also considered subsisting not having been judicially nullified/annulled * But as between the 2 marriages, the law shall protect the 2nd marriage rather than the 1st. Reason: if indeed the reappearing spouse wants to assert his/her rights, s/he could easily file the affidavit of reappearance to terminate the subsequent marriage. **BTW:** the **statutory requirement** of the _filing of the sworn statement of reappearance_ serves as the ***best evidence*** to show that the State is **prepared to return the preference to the 1st marriage** & **consider it as the only marriage** if even 1 of the parties or any interested person so desires

Answer 34

The termination of the subsequent marriage referred to in the preceding Article shall produce the following effects: (1) The **children of the subsequent marriage** conceived prior to its termination shall be considered **_legitimate_**; (2) The **absolute community of property** or the **conjugal partnership**, as the case may be, shall be **_dissolved and liquidated_**, but if either spouse contracted said marriage in **bad faith**, his or her _share_ of the net profits of the community property or conjugal partnership property shall be **_forfeited_** in favor of the *common children* or, if there are none, the *children of the guilty spouse* by a previous marriage or in default of *children, the innocent spouse*; (3) **Donations by reason of marriage** shall remain **valid**, except that if the donee contracted the marriage in bad faith, *such donations made to said donee* are **revoked by operation of law**; (4) The **innocent** spouse may **revoke** the designation of the other spouse who _acted in bad faith_ as **beneficiary** in any insurance policy, even if such designation be stipulated as irrevocable; and (5) The **spouse** who _contracted the subsequent marriage in bad faith_ shall be **disqualified to inherit** from the **innocent spouse** by _testate and intestate succession_. ART43

Answer 35

* If both spouses of the subsequent marriage acted in bad faith, said marriage shall be **void ab initio** and; * all **donations by reason of marriage** and **testamentary dispositions** made by one in favor of the other are **revoked by operation of law**. (Art. 44.)

Answer 36

Status of Children GR: * children conceived during the subsequent marriage contemplated in Art. 41 in cases of presumptive death of 1 of the spouses & before termination of the same shall be considered LEGITIMATE; * this is so even if 1 of the contracting parties is in bad faith E: * if BOTH spouses were in BAD FAITH in contracting the subsequent marriage, the marriage is void, thus the children are ILLEGITIMATE

Answer 37

A marriage may be annulled for any of the following causes, existing at the time of the marriage: (1) That the party in whose behalf it is sought to have the marriage annulled was **eighteen years of age or over but below twenty-one**, and the marriage was **solemnized without the consent of the parents, guardian** or person having substitute parental authority over the party, in that order, _unless_ *after attaining the age of twenty-one*, **such party freely cohabited with the other and both lived together as husband and wife**; (2) That **either party was of unsound mind**, _unless_ such party after coming to reason, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife; (3) That the **consent** of either party was **_obtained by fraud_**, _unless_ such party afterwards, with full knowledge of the facts constituting the fraud, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife; (4) That the consent of either party was **obtained by force, intimidation or undue influence**, unless the same having disappeared or ceased, such party thereafter freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife; (5) That either party was **physically incapable of consummating the marriage with the other**, and such incapacity continues and appears to be incurable; or (6) That either party was **afflicted with a sexually-transmissible disease** found to be **serious and appears to be incurable**. (85a) **(Art. 45.)**

Answer 38

***Any of the following circumstances shall constitute fraud referred to in Number 3 of the preceding Article:*** (1) **Non-disclosure of a previous conviction** by final judgment of the other party of a _crime involving moral turpitude_; (2) **Concealment** by the _wife_ of the fact that at the time of the marriage, she was **pregnant** by a man other than her husband; (3) **Concealment** of **sexually transmissible disease**, regardless of its nature, existing at the time of the marriage; or (4) **Concealment** of _drug addiction_, _habitual alcoholism_ or _homosexuality_ or _lesbianism_ existing at the time of the marriage. * No other misrepresentation or deceit as to character, health, rank, fortune or chastity shall constitute such fraud as will give grounds for action for the annulment of marriage. Art. 46.

Answer 39

Rule of Triennial Cohabitation – presumption of impotence * may arise if the wife remains a virgin for at least 3 years from the time the spouses start cohabiting. The husband must show that he was not impotent during said period & the burden will be on him to overcome the presumption of impotence.

Answer 40

* In all cases of annulment or declaration of absolute nullity of marriage, the Court shall order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal assigned to it to **appear on behalf of the State** to take steps to: 1. **prevent collusion** between the parties and to; 2. **take care** that _evidence is not fabricated or suppressed_. In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, **no judgment shall be based** upon a _stipulation of facts or confession of judgment_. Art. 48.

Answer 41

* During the pendency of the action and in the absence of adequate provisions in a written agreement between the spouses, the Court shall provide: * for the support of the spouses and the custody and support of their common children. * The Court shall give **paramount consideration** to the _moral and material welfare of said children_ and; * their **choice of the parent** with whom they wish to remain as provided to in Title IX. * It shall also provide for **appropriate visitation rights of the other parent**. (n) Art. 49.

Answer 42

Procedure in Annulment & In Declaration of Nullity Cases * If **defendant fails to file an answer** s/he _cannot be declared in default_. * If the **court erroneously renders a default judgment** in an annulment case, this would **not prevent the decree from having legal effect**. An _erroneous judgment_ is **not a void judgment**. * The court will order the **full-blown hearing** of the case where the **parties** _must prove their grounds_ by *preponderance of evidence*. * **Summary proceedings are not allowed**. * Even if the allegations in the petition as to the grounds for annulment are categorically admitted by the respondent, judgment on the pleadings cannot be decreed by the court. The **material facts** alleged in the complaint **shall always be proved**. * The fiscal shall appear on behalf of the State & _investigate whether there is no **collusion** or the **evidence is not fabricated**_.

Answer 43

Visitation Rights **GR:**while the custody of a child may be awarded to a particular parent, this does not derive the other parent from exercising his/her visitorial rights **E:** Unless there is a compelling right to deprive him/her of his right. Even if a parent has been legally deprived of his/her visitorial rights, this can be reinstated if it can be shown that the grounds for deprivation have become too harsh or are not anymore present.

Answer 44

**GR:** The court shall give **paramount consideration** to the moral & material welfare of the children & **their choice of the parent** w/ whom they wish to remain. **E:** no child **under 7 years** old shall be **separated from the mother** **E to E:** the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise

Answer 45

Judgment of Annulment/Nullity Shall state the **factual & legal basis** for its _conclusive disposition_. * a court cannot grant any relief w/c is not based on the allegation of the petition; * unless issues related to the main case were presented w/ objection from any party * considering the that the judgment in an annulment/nullity case shall involve the dissolution of the ACP/CPG or the co-ownership of properties, the **liquidation, partition, distribution** of the same shall be **provided for** in the said judgment; * unless such matters had been adjudicated in previous judicial proceedings or the parties agreed in their marriage settlement executed prior to the marriage that the regime of separation of property governed their marriage

Answer 46

GR: should a court render a judgment w/c is not in conformity w/ the allegations in a pleading or w/c grants a relief w/c is not based on the pleadings, **the judgment is void.** E: even if the judgment is **void** but was **_not assailed_** in a MR & not made an issue on appeal, such **void judgment shall not be set aside** & will continue to be effective

Answer 47

GR: In cases of void marriages, the property regime shall be governed by the rule on CO-OWNERSHIP provided for in Arts. 147-148. The property regime shall be liquidated pursuant to the ordinary rules on co-ownership pursuant to the NCC, provided they are not contrary to the FC. E: In cases of void subsequent marriages as a result of non-observance of Art. 40, = Art. 43, par. 2, 3, 4 & 5 apply. Though the subsequent marriage is void, the property shall be liquidated as if there is a ACP/CPG.

Answer 48

* unless there is an MR or appeal made after the decision, such decision will become final upon the expiration of 15 days from receipt of the parties of the decision. **Upon finality, the Entry of Judgment shall be issued.** * Subsequently, a Decree of Absolute Nullity of Marriage or Annulment of Marriage shall be issued. * The decree shall be the BEST EVIDENCE of nullity/annulment of marriage. * The decree will issue only after: 1. The registrations of the Entry of Judgment in the LCR where: * the marriage was recorded, and * where the court granting the petition is located 2. The registration of the approved partition & distribution of properties of the spouses in the registry of properties where the properties are located; if there are many properties located in various places, registration must be made in each of the registries of properties where each property is located 3. the delivery of the presumptive legitimes ^{Note: It is the duty of the successional petitioner to send a copy of the final decree of the court to the proper LCRs. It shall be the duty of the clerk of court w/c issued the decree to ascertain whether the same has been registered, & if this has not been done, to send a copy of said decree to the LCR of the city/municipality where the court is located.}

Answer 49

**Presumptive Legitime** **Legitime** – that **part** of the **testator’s property** w/c he **cannot dispose of** because the law has reserved it for compulsory heirs. * The presumptive legitime shall be computed as of the date of the final judgment of the trial court. The value of the properties already received under the decree shall be considered advances on their legitime. * The delivery of the presumptive legitimes will not prejudice the ultimate successional rights of the children accruing upon the death of either/both of the parents. * The decree of annulment/nullity shall provide that the presumptive legitimes of the common children shall be delivered to the same in cash, property or sound securities, unless the parties, by mutual agreement judicially approved, had already provided for such matter. The judicial proceeding for the approval of the mutual agreement of the parties shall be summary in nature. * _{***The common children have legal standing to seek the enforcement of nullity/annulment judgment considering that they are materially affected insofar as the presumptive legitime is concerned.}* * _{***The children’s guardian or trustee of their property may also ask for the enforcement for & on behalf of the children.}*

Answer 50

The **judgment of annulment** or of **absolute nullity of the marriage**, the partition and distribution of the properties of the spouses and the delivery of the children's presumptive legitimes **shall be _recorded_ in the appropriate civil registry** and **_registries of property_**; otherwise, _the same shall not affect third persons_. (Art. 52.)

Answer 51

* Either of the former spouses may marry again after **compliance with the requirements** of the immediately preceding Article; _otherwise_, the _subsequent marriage shall be **null and void**_. (Art. 53.)

Answer 52

Children conceived or born before the judgment of annulment or absolute nullity of the marriage under Article 36 has become final and executory shall be considered legitimate. Children conceived or born of the subsequent marriage under Article 53 shall likewise be legitimate. (art54)

Answer 53

**Rule:** * the recording in the LCR and registry of property of the judgment of annulment/nullity, as well as the delivery of presumptive legitimes are necessary to: * *1. Bind 3rd persons 2. Validly contract a subsequent marriage**

Answer 54

Effect of Non-compliance: ## Footnote * *1. 3rd persons are not bound 2. any subsequent marriage is null & void 3. non-issuance of a decree of nullity/annulment**

Family Code Articles 35 to 54 - VOID and VOIDABLE Marriages. Flashcards

Understand the Family Code to apply it in actual cases. (79 cards)