family (family diversity)

Question 1

Rapoports (Pluralist)

Five Types of Diversity

Answer 1

AO1: Organisational, cultural, life-stage, generational, and social class diversity.

AO2: Demonstrated in a range of family structures.

AO3: Positive view of diversity, unlike New Right.

Question 2

David Cheal (Postmodernist)

Postmodern Family

Answer 2

AO1: Family life is now diverse, fragmented, and based on choice.

AO2: Seen in increased cohabitation and non-nuclear families.

AO3: Leads to instability but more freedom.

Question 3

Giddens (Late Modernist)

Individualisation Thesis

Answer 3

AO1: Relationships are now based on love and intimacy, not obligation.

AO2: Pure relationships allow for greater freedom.

AO3: Beck and Smart argue this is exaggerated.

Question 4

Beck (Late Modernist)

Negotiated Family

Answer 4

AO1: New families are negotiated, not fixed by tradition.

AO2: Seen in diverse forms based on individual needs.

AO3: Creates instability and risk.