family (theories of the family)

Question 1

Parsons (Functionalist)

Functional Fit

Answer 1

AO1: Nuclear family fits industrial society’s need for mobility and roles.

AO2: Seen in isolated nuclear households in modern society.

AO3: Ignores diversity and oppression within families.

Question 2

Zaretsky (Marxist)

Ideological Functions

Answer 2

AO1: The family supports capitalism by reproducing labour power and acting as a ‘haven’.

AO2: Encourages consumption and maintains worker motivation.

AO3: Feminists argue it ignores gender inequality.

Question 3

Beck (Postmodernist)

Negotiated Family

Answer 3

AO1: Families are now based on individual negotiation rather than traditional roles.

AO2: Seen in diverse family forms and cohabitation.

AO3: Critics argue this overstates individual choice.

Question 4

Chester (Neo-Functionalist)

Neo-conventional Family

Answer 4

AO1: Most people still aspire to the nuclear family, now dual-earner (neo-conventional).

AO2: Found in most UK households.

AO3: Critics argue Chester ignores long-term trends towards diversity.