Family Planning Flashcards
There are about how many pregnancies per year in the U.S.?
6.3 million
What percent of pregnancies in the U.S. end in abortion?
20%
Only about ____ percent of women do not use contraception, but they account for roughly _____ percent of unplanned pregnancies.
7; 50
During ovulation, the cervical mucus becomes _____________.
thin and slippery
How do copper IUDs work?
They stimulate a mild inflammatory response that causes a hostile environment for sperm.
How does progestin prevent pregnancy?
It thickens the mucosal layer of the cervix and uterus so that sperm can’t get in.
In addition to the generation of mucus, progestin also _____________.
thins the endometrium (also working to prevent implantation)
Why is estrogen added to some birth control?
It does two things:
- Stabilizes the uterine lining to cause more regular bleeding
- Increases SHBG thereby decreasing the effects of testosterone
Why does estrogen lead to a pro-thrombotic state?
It increases production of factors II, VII, X, XII, and fibrinogen.
Why is birth control so widely used if it causes blood clots?
The risk of developing blood clots is higher during and after pregnancy than it is while taking OCPs.
What is a major disadvantage of progestin-only pills?
They have to be taken extremely regularly. Even going more than 3 hours past the 24-hour mark can lead to an unplanned pregnancy.
True or false: OCPs are prescription only.
False. Some states (like Oregon) have OTC OCPs with a pharmacist checklist.
The normal ejaculate is about _______ mL.
1.5
How many sperm are in each ejaculate?
39 million
