Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Flashcards
How common is cervical cancer?
It is the third most common gynecologic malignancy in the U.S.
13,000 cases of invasive carcinoma per year.
4,300 deaths per year in the U.S.
What is the general timeline for cervical cancer development?
Infection in young adulthood (20s) and cancer in early middle age (40s)
Which kinds of cervical cancer are most commonly caused by HPV-16 and HPV-18?
16: SCC (Sixteen = SixtCCn)
18: adenocarcinoma
Smoking raises the risk of ___________ cervical carcinoma.
squamous cell
Smoking is protective against ___________.
endometrial cancer
99% of cervical cancers arise within the ___________.
transitional zone
Sometimes the glandular tissue of the uterus can project out of the cervix. This is called __________.
ectocervix
What are the current screening guidelines for cervical cancer?
Younger than 21: no screening
21 - 29: cytology every 3 years
30 - 64: cytology and HPV testing every 5 years
65 and older: no screening
Caveat: screening can be done less often in patients with multiple normal tests in a row.
Recent research indicates that ___________ is the best screening tool.
HPV and cytology
In colposcopy, ________________ are used to visualize abnormal cells.
vinegar and microscopes
Briefly, how are CINs I, II, and III delineated?
CIN I: abnormal cells in top 1/3 of epithelium
CIN II: abnormal cells in top 2/3 of epithelium
CIN III: abnormal cells in full thickness of epithelium
LSIL correlates with _____.
CIN I
HSIL correlates with ___________.
CINs II and III
Cervical cancer is always staged ____________.
clinically
The approved age for HPV is _________.
11-12
