Regional Anatomy of the Pelvis and Perineum

Question 1

The pelvic bone is also called the ___________.

Answer 1

innominate (meaning “without a name” in Latin)

Question 2

The ___________ of the innominate articulates with the sacrum.

Answer 2

auricle

Question 3

The sacrospinous ligament is ___________ to the sacrotuberous ligament.

Answer 3

medial

Question 4

What neurovascular bundle passes between the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments?

Answer 4

The pudendal nerve and the internal pudendal artery and vein

Question 5

The obturator nerve branches off the spine __________ to the pudendal nerve.

Answer 5

superior (O = L2 - L4 and P = S2 - S4)

Question 6

What is the weakest part of the pelvis?

Answer 6

The pubic rami

Question 7

The imaginary line that marks the entry to the true pelvis starts and ends where?

Answer 7

S1 posteriorly and the superior pubic rami anteriorly

Question 8

If you’re looking at the floor of the perineum from below, what muscle will be covering the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 8

The coccygeus

Question 9

What nerve innervates the levator ani?

Answer 9

The pudendal

Question 10

The genitals pass through the levator ani at the ______________.

Answer 10

urogenital hiatus (the little archway in the LA muscle)

Question 11

The internal attachment point of the levator ani is __________________.

Answer 11

the tendinous arch of the obturator internus

Question 12

The “archway” of the levator ani points to ____________.

Answer 12

the posterior side

Question 13

The ____________ reside between the rectum and the bladder.

Answer 13

seminal glands

Question 14

What guides the testes to the scrotum?

Answer 14

The gubernaculum, which connects the embryonic gonads to the internal inguinal ring

Question 15

The diverticulum of the peritoneum that dives into the scrotum is called the _________________.

Answer 15

processus vaginalis (which becomes the tunica vaginalis)

Question 16

What testicular covering sends dense septa into the testes parenchyma?

Answer 16

The tunica albuginea (“I’ll bulge into the testes”)

Question 17

The ________________ usually coalesce into the testicular veins.

Answer 17

pampiniform plexuses

Question 18

Which testicular vein drains into the IVC?

Answer 18

The right (“It goes RIGHT into the IVC.”)

The left enters the renal vein.

Question 19

What causes ischemia in testicular torsion?

Answer 19

In testicular torsion, the pampiniform plexus gets blocked first because the vessels are smaller. Backup into the pampiniform plexus can then lead to occlusion of the testicular artery, leading to ischemia.

Question 20

The ductus deferens passes _____________, ____________, and __________ to the ureter.

Answer 20

anterior; superior; medial

Question 21

On the posterior aspect of the bladder, the ductus deferens are ___________ to the seminal glands.

Answer 21

medial

Question 22

The bulbourethral glands are __________ to the prostate and secrete mucus.

Answer 22

inferior

Question 23

Which part of the prostate is more likely to enlarge in BPH?

Answer 23

The central lobes, which is why it causes dysuria

Question 24

The peritoneum covers the pelvic organs in both males and females, but females have ____________ because of the uterus.

Answer 24

two pouches

Question 25

The ____________ is the most fibrous part of the uterus.

Answer 25

cervix (meaning it has the least amount of muscle)

Question 26

Fertilization typically occurs in the _______________.

Answer 26

ampulla

Question 27

The peritoneum that covers the uterus has an erroneous name: _______________.

Answer 27

it is called the broad ligament, yet it is not a true ligament

Question 28

The ___________ covers the ovarian ligament.

The ___________ covers the fallopian tube.

The _____________ covers the uterus.

Answer 28

mesovarium; mesosalpinx; mesometrium

Question 29

The ________________ is analogous to the spermatic cord in males.

Answer 29

uterine ligament (because both pass through the inguinal canal)

Question 30

The uterine artery passes _____________ to the ureter.

Answer 30

anterior and superior (like a bridge over water… get it?)

Question 31

The perineal region is composed of two triangles: _______________.

Answer 31

urogenital and anal

Question 32

The bulbourethral glands reside in the ___________ pouch.

Answer 32

deep perineal

Question 33

The penis has both the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum. Which is made of two?

Answer 33

The corpus cavernosum (“You have to clean TWO CAVEs with ONE SPONGe.”)

Question 34

What fascia allows for the erection of the penis?

Answer 34

Buck’s fascia

Question 35

Ejaculation is controlled by ______________.

Answer 35

sympathetic innervation (specifically L1-L2, because that is the distal terminus of sympathetic innervation)

Question 36

Where does the round ligament of the uterus ultimately go?

Answer 36

Into the labia majora

Question 37

The ischial tuberosity is __________ to the ischial spine.

Answer 37

inferior

Question 38

The perineal membrane surrounds the _______________.

Answer 38

urogenital hiatus

Question 39

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

Answer 39

Intramural (in the neck of the bladder)
Prostatic
Intermediate
Spongy

Question 40

What does the mesosalpinx cover?

Answer 40

The fallopian tube (think: “mesoFALpinx”)

Question 41

The uterine vessels pass through the ______________.

Answer 41

suspensory ligament then ovarian ligament

Question 42

What is inside the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum?

Answer 42

Spongiosum: urethra
Cavernosum: deep penile arteries