1
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Glycolysis
A
PFK-1
2
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Gluconeogenesis
A
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
3
Q
Rate Limiting Step in TCA cycle
A
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
4
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Glycogenesis
A
Glycogen synthase
5
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Glycogenolysis
A
Glycogen phosphorylase
6
Q
Rate Limiting Step in HMP shunt
A
G6PD
7
Q
Rate Limiting Step in de novo pyrimidine synthesis
A
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase II
8
Q
Rate Limiting Step in de novo purine synthesis
A
Glutamine PrPP amidotransferase
9
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Urea Cycle
A
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
10
Q
Rate Limiting Step in FA synthesis
A
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
11
Q
Rate Limiting Step in FA oxidation
A
Carnitine acyltransferase I
12
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Ketogenesis
A
HMG-CoA synthase
13
Q
Rate Limiting Step in Cholesterol synthesis
A
HMG-CoA reductase
14
Q
apolipoprotein E
A
mediates remnant uptake
on chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, HDL
15
Q
apolipoprotein A-1
A
activates LCAT
on chylomicron, HDL
16
Q
apolipoprotein C-II
A
lipoprotein surface cofactor
on chylomicron, VLDL, HDL
17
Q
apolipoprotein B-48
A
mediates chylomicron secretion
on chylomicron, chylomicron remnant
18
Q
apolipoprotein B-100
A
binds LDL receptor
on VLDL, IDL, LDL
19
Q
Ixodes tick
A
anaplasma
borrelia burgdorferi
20
Q
Cat scratch
A
bartonella
21
Q
louse
A
borrelia recurrentis
rickettsia prowazekii
22
Q
unpasteurized dairy
A
brucella
23
Q
puppies, livestock, undercooked meat
A
campylobacter
24
Q
parrot
A
Chlamydophila psittaci
25
cattle/sheep amniotic fluid
coxiella burnetii
26
Lone Star ticks
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
27
ticks, rabbits, deer fly
Francisella tularensis
28
animal urine
leptospira
29
armadillo
M leprae
30
animal bite, cats, dogs
pasteurella multocida
31
Dermacentor tick
Rickettsia rickettsii
32
flea
Rickettsia typhi
| Yersinia pestis
33
rats and prairie dogs
Yersinia pestis
34
chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
triad of Toxopasma
35
reheated rice, food poisoning
B cereus
36
improperly canned foods, bulging cans, honey, food poisoning
C. botulinum
37
reheated meat dishes, food poisoning
C. perfringens
38
undercooked meat (hamburger), food poisoning
E. coli O157:H7
39
poultry, meat, eggs food poisoning at picnic
Salmonella
40
meats, mayonnaise, custard, potato salad at picnic
S. aureus
41
contaminated seafood "shellfish", food poisoning
V. parahaemolyticus
| V. vulnificus
42
pneumonia in neonates
GBS
| E coli
43
pneumonia in adults
mycoplasma
c pneumoniae
s pneumoniae
44
pneumonia in kids
```
RSV
mycoplasma
c trachomatis
c pneumoniae
s pneumoniae
```
45
pneumonia in elderly
```
s pneumoniae
influenza virus
anaerobes
H influenzae
gram (-) rods
```
46
pneumonia in alcoholics and IV drug users
s pneumo
klebsiella
staph
47
aspiration pneumonia
anaerobes
48
atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma
legionella
chlamydia
49
pneumonia and cystic fibrosis
pseudomonas
s aureus
s pneumoniae
50
pneumonia in immunocompromised
```
staph
enteric gram (-) rods
fungi
viruses
PCP
```
51
nosocomial pneumonia
```
staph
pseudomonas
enteric gram (-) rods
```
52
postviral pneumonia
staph
H influenzae
s pneumo
53
meningitis in newborns
GBS
E coli
listeria
54
meningitis in kids
s pneumo
N meningitidis
H influenzae B
enteroviruses (echovirus, coxsackievirus)
55
meningitis in adults
S pneumo
N meningitidis
enteroviruses
HSV
56
meningitis in elderly
s pneumo
gram (-) rods
listeria
57
top 4 causes of UTI
1. E coli
2. s saprophyticus
3. klebsiella
4. proteus
58
osteomyelitis
s aureus
59
osteomyelitis in sexually active
N gonorrhoeae
60
osteomyelitis in diabetics and IV drug users
pseudomonas
| serratia
61
osteomyelitis and sickle cell
salmonella
62
osteomyelitis and prosthetic joints
s aureus
| s epidermidis
63
osteomyelitis in vertebra
TB (Pott disease)
64
osteomyelitis and cat/dog bites
pasteurella multocida
65
branching rods, sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
66
chronic granulomatous disease bug
catalase pos microbes (s aureus)
67
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella
68
facial nerve palsy bug
borrelia burgdorferi
69
fungal infection in diabetic or immunocompromised
mucor or rhizopus
70
health care provider bug
HBV
71
neutropenic patient bug
candida albicans, aspergillus
72
organ transplant recipient bug
CMV
73
PAS pos bug
tropheryma whipplei
74
pediatric infection
H influenzae
75
Pus, empyema, abscess
s aureus
76
surgical wound
s aureus
77
traumatic open wound
C perfringens
78
rodent urine infection
hanta virus
79
parasite and biliary tract disease/cholangiocarcinoma
clonorchis sinensis
80
brain cysts, seizures, and parasite
taenia solium (cysticercosis)
81
hematuria, bladder cancer, and parasites
schistosoma haematobium
82
liver (hydatid) cysts, parasite
echinococcus granulosus
83
microcytic anemia and parasite
ancylostoma
| necator
84
perianal pruritus and parasite
enterobius
85
portal HTN and parasite
schistosoma mansoni
| schistosoma japonicum
86
Vit B12 def and parasite
diphyllobothrium latum
87
Prophylaxis endocarditis with dental procedure
Penicillins
88
Prophylaxis Gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
89
Prophylaxis recurrent UTI
TMP-SMX or nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin, cephalexin
90
Prophylaxis meningococcal infection
ciprofloxacin
| rifampin in kids
91
Prophylaxis pregnant woman with GBS
ampicillin
92
prevention of gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis in baby
erythromycin ointment
93
prevention of postsurgical infection from s aureus
cefazolin
94
Prophylaxis of strep pharyngitis in kid with prior rheumatic fever
oral penicillin
95
prophylaxis syphilis
benzathine penicillin G
96
anti-ACh receptor Ab
myasthenia gravis
97
anti-basement membrane Ab
Goodpasture syndrome
98
anti-cardiolipin Ab
SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome
99
anticentromere Ab
CREST syndrome (limited scleroderma)
100
anti-desmoglein Ab
pemphigus vulgaris
101
anti-dsDNA Ab
SLE
102
anti-Smith Ab
SLE
103
anti-glutamate decarboxylase Ab
type 1 DM
104
anti-hemidesmosome Ab
bullous pemphigoid
105
anti-histone Ab
drug induced lupus
106
anti-Jo-I Ab
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
107
anti-SRP Ab
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
108
anti-Mi-2 Ab
polymyositis, dermatomyositis
109
antimicrosomal Ab
Hashimoto thyroiditis
110
antithryoglobulin Ab
Hashimoto thyroiditis
111
antimitochondrial Ab
primary biliary cirrhosis
112
ANA
SLE, nonspecific
113
anti-Scl-70 Ab
scleroderma
114
anti-smooth muscle Ab
autoimmune hepatitis
115
anti-SSA Ab
Sjogren syndrome
116
anti-SSB Ab
Sjogren syndrome
117
anti-TSH receptor Ab
Graves disease
118
anti-U1 RNP Ab
mixed CT disease
119
c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
120
IgA antiendomysial Ab
celiac disease
121
IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase Ab
celiac disease
122
p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)
microscopic polyangiitis
| Churg-Strauss syndrome
123
Rheumatoid Factor
rheumatoid arthritis
124
anti-CCP Ab
rheumatoid arthritis
125
triad of Ataxia-Telangiectasia
```
Ataxia
spider angiomas (telangiectasia)
IgA deficiency
```
126
BCR-ABL
CML
ALL
tyrosine kinase product
127
bcl-2
follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas
| makes anti-apoptotic molecule
128
BRAF
melanoma
| makes serine/threonine kinase
129
c-kit
GIST
| makes cytokine receptor
130
c-myc
Burkitt lymphoma
| makes transcription factor
131
HER2/neu (c-erbB2)
breast, ovarian, gastric carcinoma
| makes tyrosine kinase
132
L-myc
lung tumor
| makes transcription factor
133
N-myc
neuroblastoma
| makes transcription factor
134
K-RAS
colon cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, follicular thyroid carcinoma
makes GTPase
135
ret
MEN2A MEN2B
| makes tyrosine kinase
136
H-RAS
bladder and kidney tumors
137
N-RAS
melanomas and hematologic malignancies
138
APC
colorectal cancer (FAP)
139
BRCA1/2
breast and ovarian cancer
140
CPD4/SMAD4
pancreatic cancer
| DPC
141
DCC
colon cancer
| DCC
142
MEN1
MEN type 1
143
NF1
neurofibromatosis type 1
144
NF2
neurofibromatosis type 2
bilateral schwannomas
merlin protein
145
p16
melanoma
146
p53
most cancers, Li Fraumeni syndrome
147
PTEN
breast cancer
pancreatic cancer
endometrial cancer
148
Rb
retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
149
TSC1
tuberous sclerosis
150
TSC2
tuberous sclerosis
151
VHL
von Hippel Lindau
152
WT1
Wilms Tumor
153
WT2
Wilms Tumor
154
Alkaline Phosphatase
Metastases to bone and liver
Paget Disease of bone
seminoma
155
AFP
```
hepatocellular carcinoma
hepatoblastoma
yolk sac tumor
testicular cancer
mixed germ cell tumor
```
156
beta-hCG
hydatidiform mole
choriocarcinoma
testicular cancer
157
CA-15-3/CA-27-29
breast cancer
158
CA-19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
159
CA-125
ovarian cancer
160
calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
161
CEA
colorectal and pancreatic cancers
162
PSA
prostate adenocarcinoma
BPH
prostatitis
163
S-100
melanomas
neural tumors
schwannomas
Langerhans histiocytosis
164
TRAP
hairy cell leukemia
165
1,25-(OH)2 D3 (paraneoplastic)
hypercalcemia
| Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
166
ACTH (paraneoplastic)
Cushing syndrome
| small cell lung carcinoma
167
ADH (paraneoplastic)
SIADH
| small cell lung carcinoma, intracranial neoplasms
168
Ab to presynaptic Ca channels of NMJ (Paraneoplastic)
Lamber-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
| small cell lung carcinoma
169
Erythropoietin
polycythemia
| pheochromocytoma, RCC, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma
170
PTHrP
hypercalcemia
| squamous cell lung carcinoma, RCC, breast cancer
171
cardiac defects with 22q11 syndromes
truncus arteriosus
| tetralogy of fallot
172
cardiac defects with Down syndrome
ASD
VSD
AV septal defects
173
cardiac defects with congenital rubella
septal defects
PDA
pulmonary artery stenosis
174
cardiac defects with Turner syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve
| coarctation of aorta (preductal)
175
cardiac defects of Marfan syndrome
mitral valve prolapse, aortic dissection, thoracic aortic aneurysm, aortic regurgitation
176
cardiac defects of diabetic mother
transposition of great vessels
STEP 1
flashcards
Decks in class (3)
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