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BCH exam 4 > fatty acid metabolism and response to starvation > Flashcards

fatty acid metabolism and response to starvation Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

lipases cleave FA chains by

A

hydrolysis

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2
Q

typically a ______ lipase enzymes targets each ____ bond

A

different, ester

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3
Q

where does glycerol enter central metabolism

A

G3P

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4
Q

first step of beta oxidation

A

adenylation to drive synthesis of high energy thioester bond to coenzyme a

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5
Q

where does the first step of beta oxidation happen

A

cytoplasm

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6
Q

key regulated step in beta oxidation

A

transport into the mitochondria

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7
Q

separate pools of CoA
what is the cytosol for

A

synthesis

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8
Q

mitochondrian CoA pool for

A

degradation

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9
Q

does transport into the mitochondria require energy

A

no, going with concentration gradient

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10
Q

enzyme for moving FA-carnitine from cytosol to the IMS

A

carnitine acyltransferase 1

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11
Q

enzyme for moving FA-carnitine from IMS to matrix

A

carnitine acyltransferase 2

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12
Q

is there a higher or lower concentration of FA-acylcoa in the mitochondiral matrix compared to the cytosol

A

lower

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13
Q

type of double bond in beta oxidation rxns

A

trans

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14
Q

products of beta oxidation rxns

A

fadh2, nadh + h

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15
Q

if there is a cis double bond in beta oxidatio

A

isomerization

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16
Q

the steps of beta oxidation are analogous to the ______ starting with ______

A

TCA cycle, succinate dehydrogenase

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17
Q

how is FAD reoxidized in beta oxidation

A

dumping e- into the electrotransportchain
putting it into coq

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18
Q

what transfers e- from FADH2 to Coq in FA biosynthesis

A

ETF = electron-transferring flavoprotein

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19
Q

per 2 C unit removed what is produced

A

1 acetyl coa + 1 NADh + 1 FADH2

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20
Q

atp investment for initial adenylation

A

2

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21
Q

yield from acetyl coa

A

1 acetyl coa = 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP
net 10 ATP

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22
Q

yield from 16 c palmitoyl coa

A

8 acetyl coa, 7 FADH2, 7 NADH, 7 H+

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23
Q

types of reactions in beta oxidation

A
  1. dehydrogenation
  2. hydration
  3. drhydrogentation
  4. thiolytic cleavage
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24
Q

draw beta oxidation

A

do it

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25
cis unsaturated bond what is necessary to continue beta oxidation
cis-trans isomerization and movement of bond
26
what step is skipped in beta oxidation if there is an unsaturated bond
production of FADH2
27
prioponyl coa becomes ______ at a-position to form _________
carboxylated to form D-methylmalonyl-CoA
28
methylmalonyl mutase uses a _______ reactiom to generate ______, which can feed into the ______
radical, succinyl Coa, citric acid cycle
29
_________ is a cofactor that allows for generation of one e- at a time, aka radical chem
vitamin b12
30
important chemisty details for odd chain FA metabolism
single electron chemistry performed by vitamin b12
31
why the need for peroxisomes or glyoxysomes
function on long and branched chain FAs
32
peroxisomes are in
animals/plants
33
glyoxysomes are in
seeds
34
where is FA biosynthesis
cytoplasm
35
how is acetyl coa transported out of the mitochondria for FA biosynthesis
citrate
36
what does FA biosynthesis require
NADPH
37
cofactor in FA biosynthesis
biotin
38
fatty acid synthase/fatty acid synthetase is a ______
dimer
39
bc all enzymes are in one polypeptide, there is _____ channeling
substrate
40
first committed step in FA biosynthesis
FA biosynthesis activation
41
acetyl coa to malonyl coa cofactor
biotin
42
FA biosynthesis activatiom equation
acetyl coa + ATP + HCO3- -> malonyl coa + ADP + Pi+H+
43
what is the regulated step in FA biosynthesis
acetyl to malonyl coa
44
what is done to make FA synthase dimer more active
polymerize into fiber
45
2nd step of FA biosynthesis
acetyl coa (free) -> acetyl-acp (carrier) -> acetyl - Ketoacyl synthase (enzyme) malonyl coa (free) -> malonyl - acp (carrier) all energentically neutral
46
Acyl carrier protein linake
ser-phosphopantetheine
47
advantages of large multifunctional proteins
always get correct 1:1:1:1 stoichoimetry of enzymes no need to encode binding surfaces to cause enzymes to associate to form complex
48
disadvantages of large multofinctoonal proteins
no chance of modularity for components of the fused system
49
why cant brain use fatty aicds
1. difficulty transiting the blood brain barrier 2. ATP generation to b-oxidation demands more oxygen more than glucose, more risl to become hypoxic 3. beta oxidation of fatty acids generates superoxide can cuase oxidative stress 4. rate of ATP generation based on adipose-tissue derived fatty acids is slower than using blood glucose as fuel
50
time =2 hours
first, rely primarily on glycogen breakdown in liver to replenish glycose
51
time = 4 hours
mobiliza fatty acids as fuel for liver and muscle
52
ketone bodies
acetone acetoacetate b-hydroxybutyrate
53
what are keto bodies made from
acetyl coa
54
what energy do we lose from the TCA step in metabolism of keto bodies
2 NADH
55
time >12 hours
glucoeneogensis during starvations liver degrades proteins that arent neede when fasting
56
steps of fatty acid biosynthesis
condensation reduction (NADPH -> NADP) dehydration reduction (NADPH -> NADP) translocaiton hydrolysis
57
what drives c-c bond formation in FA biosynthesis
decarboxylation
58
does FA biosynthesis require ATP and what step
yes, activation of acetyl coa to malonyl coa
59
what cofactor in the first step of FA biosynthesis
biotin
60
acyl carrier protein has the same ______ strucutr as ______
phosphopantetheine, coa
61
are the FA biosynthesis carrier protein loading energetically neutral
yes
62
what makes ketone bodies and where do they come form
acetyl coa, fatty acids
63
2 rxns in metabolism of keto bodies
keto body -> acetyl coa succinyl coa -> succinate

BCH exam 4 (11 decks)

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