ETC

Question 1

where are the FADH2 and NADH generated from TCA, beta oxidation, etc located

Answer 1

mitochondrial matrix

Question 2

order of e- carriers

Answer 2

1. NAD
2. FAD/FMN
3. CoQ
4. Hemes
5. Fe-S clusters
6. Cu clusters

Question 3

where does NADH come from

Answer 3

malate aspartate shuttle
lactate shuttle
TCA cycle

Question 4

where does FADH2 come from

Answer 4

TCA cycle
glycerol phosphate shuttle

Question 5

if a poison blocks a step in the ETC, all the carrier downstream will be ____ and all thec arrier upstream will be ____

Answer 5

oxidized, reduced

Question 6

NADH carries

Answer 6

2 e- and 1 H+

Question 7

NADH assocation

Answer 7

reversible association with proteins -> soluble

Question 8

FAD/FMN can carry

Answer 8

FADH (FAMN) can carry 1 e- and 1 H+
FADH2(FAMN2) can carry 2 e- and 2 H+

Question 9

FAD/FMN associatoin

Answer 9

tightly bound to proteins

Question 10

FAD/FMN reduction potential

Answer 10

vary significant;y with protein microenvironemtn

Question 11

most oxidized form of coq

Answer 11

ubioquinone

Question 12

unioquinone’s long chain HC allows what

Answer 12

be inside the inner mitochondrial membrane, membrane soluble

Question 13

most reduced form of coq

Answer 13

ubiquinol

Question 14

radical form of coq

Answer 14

semiquinone radical

Question 15

*QH carries

Answer 15

1 e- and 1 H+

Question 16

QH2 carries

Answer 16

2 e- and 2 H+

Question 17

coq association

Answer 17

reversible association with proteins

Question 18

heme carries

Answer 18

1 e-

Question 19

heme association

Answer 19

tightly bound or covalently bonded to proteins

Question 20

how does heme form

Answer 20

reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+

Question 21

cytochrome

Answer 21

protein with bound heme

Question 22

Fe-S clusters carry

Answer 22

each Fe in an Fe-S cluster can carry 1 e-

Question 23

Fe-S association

Answer 23

covalently bonded to proteins by cysteine side chain sulfur ligands

Question 24

Cu centers carry

Answer 24

1 e-

Question 25

copper center reduction equation

Answer 25

2Cu1.5+ plus e- yields 2Cu 1+

Question 26

Cu centers assocation

Answer 26

covalently bonded to proteins by cysteine side chian sulfur ligands

Question 27

P/O ratio

Answer 27

ATP produced per O2 reduced

Question 28

are complex 1, 3, and 4 coupled firectly to ATP production

Answer 28

no

Question 29

intermembrane space charge

Answer 29

positive

Question 30

matrix charge

Answer 30

negative

Question 31

p side

Answer 31

intermembrane

Question 32

n side

Answer 32

matrix

Question 33

delta g for pumping proton across membrane (from n side to p side)

Answer 33

18.9 kj/mol

Question 34

since the pathway of reduction from NADH to H2o can produce 200 kj of energy, how many H+ can be pumped to the p side using this energy

Answer 34

10 H+

Question 35

how H+ does complx 1 pump to the P side

Answer 35

4 H+

Question 36

how H+ does complx 3 pump to the P side

Answer 36

4 H+

Question 37

how H+ does complx 4 pump to the P side

Answer 37

2 H+

Question 38

input for complex 1

Answer 38

NADH

Question 39

where do electrons go in complex 1

Answer 39

coenzyme q

Question 40

complex 1: where do the electrons to make qh2 come from

Answer 40

matrix

Question 41

how is e- transfer able to move H+ across membrane in complex 1

Answer 41

each e- transfer changes the conformation of a protein which produced mechanical energy that can be used to pump protons; each conformational change grabs proton from membrane side and pushes it across

Question 42

input in complex 2

Answer 42

succinate (from TCA cycle)

Question 43

where do electrons end up complex 2

Answer 43

ubiquinone

Question 44

purpose of complex 2

Answer 44

oxidize FADH2 and move those electrons into ubiquinone, no protons pumped

Question 45

what TCA enzyme is complex 2

Answer 45

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 46

complex 3 where do e- come from

Answer 46

ubiquinone

Question 47

complex 3 where do e- go

Answer 47

cytochrome c

Question 48

how many protons pumped directly from QH2 in the q cycle

Answer 48

4 H+

Question 49

net equation for the Q cylce

Answer 49

QH2 + 2 cyt c (oxidized) 2H+n -> Q + 2 cyt c (reduced) + 4H+p

Question 50

input substrate for complex 4

Answer 50

cyt c

Question 51

why does there need to be 2 cycles of complex 4

Answer 51

there are 2 cyt c coming from 1 cycle of complex 3 - need 4 cyt c to fully reduce O2 2- ( 2 e- for reducing o2 and 2e- to make h2o)

Question 52

site of o2 reduction is the

Answer 52

Cub-Fe heme center

Question 53

net reaction for complex 4

Answer 53

4 cyt cred + 8H+ N + O2 -> 4 cyt c ox + 4 H+ p + 2 H2O

Question 54

why are there 8 matrix electrons in complex 4

Answer 54

4 for substrate (making H2O), 4 are pumped

Question 55

why does O2 have to be o22-

Answer 55

make it bind covalently to copper

Question 56

how are protons pumped in complex 4

Answer 56

protons hop between acidic side chains (D and K)

Question 57

how many H+ pumped per FAD

Answer 57

6

Question 58

respiratory supercomplex

Answer 58

tightly associating complex can make reactions faster and more efficient

Question 59

where did the NADH protons come from

Answer 59

food

Question 60

where did the FADH2 protons come from

Answer 60

food

Question 61

where did the Q protons come from

Answer 61

matrix

Question 62

how many protons will be used in generating one ATP on complex 5

Answer 62

one nadh pumps 10 protons, one nadh worth 2.5 atp, so 4 protons used per atp

Question 63

how many e- pumped per cytochrome c

Answer 63

1