Feb 3 Flashcards

Question

spectrum of extrinsic motivation

Answer 1

organized from no level of autonomy to highest level of autonomy no autonomy: EXTERNAL REGULATION moderrate autonomy: INTROJECTED REGULATION high autonomy: IDENTIFIED REGULATION highest autonomy: INTEGRATED REGULATION

Answer 2

no autonomy external contingency at stake: incentives, consequences ie. "the reason I recycle is to get or avoid a consequence (make 5 cents or avoid a fine)" not a great long term motivator relative to other forms of extrinsic motivation, linked to lower engagement & poorer performance

Answer 3

slightly autonomous the taking in, but not truly accepting or personally endorsing, of other people's suggested ways of thinking, feeling, behaving shoulds or oughts PARTIAL INTERNALIZATION external contingency at stake: avoid guilt creates inner conflict and tension

Answer 4

avoiding guilt ie. "the reason I recycle is because I ought to; I feel guilty if I don't"

Answer 5

conflict and tension (because it's based on guilt)

Answer 6

highly autonomous voluntarily accepting as one's own the merits and utility of other people's suggested ways of thinking, feeling, behaving external contingency at stake: valuing, sense of importance ie. "I recycle because it's important for a cleaner environment" have internalized the IMPORTANCE of activity, even if we maybe don't enjoy the activity itself, which makes motivation stronger and more sustainable

Answer 7

valuing sense of importance

Answer 8

fully autonomous result of INTEGRATION external contingency at stake: value congruence "I recycle because it reflects my values as an environmentalist"

Answer 9

integration: fully transforming an identified regulation (way of thinking, feeling or behaving) into the self in a COHERENT and CONFLICT-FREE way

Answer 10

fully transforming an identified regulation (way of thinking, feeling or behaving) into the self in a COHERENT and CONFLICT-FREE way results in integrated regulation

Answer 11

value congruence

Answer 12

because it isn't an inherently enjoyable activity but it is fully autonomous

Answer 13

but now it has become integrated it has taken on a role in your life to the degree that now you see yourself as an athlete become part of your self concept

Answer 14

people with more autonomous motivation tend to PERSIST LONGER and PERFORM BETTER in may areas examples: - sticking to an exercise program - eating healthy - recovering from addiction - succeeding in school - maintaining strong relationships - searching for a job - engaging in political or religious activities

Answer 15

an innate disposition that influences how we act & interact with our environment ie. people may be more introverted or extraverted evidence suggests there's a biological component to temperament

Answer 16

for introversion/extraversion estimated heritability of 40-60%

Answer 17

how much variation among individuals may be attributed to genetic factors

Answer 18

denying one's true authentic self in favour of fitting into cultural norms puts wellbeing at risk

Answer 19

significant discrepancies between one's CHILDHOOD TEMPERAMENT and ADULT BEHAVIOUR can lead to psychological maladjustment anxiety, depression, hostility

Answer 20

societal and cultural pressures ie. NA celebrates being outgoing, loud - don't really celebrate wallflowers

Answer 21

experience higher levels of ANXIETY and DEPRESSION even if they achieve those goals (extrinsic goals: money, fame, status VERSUS intrinsic goals: personal development, meaningful social relationships)

Answer 22

1. have lower levels of anxiety 2. feel more connected to others 3. report greater overall life satisfaction

Answer 23

happier and more fulfilled they feel REGARDLESS of SUCCESS

Answer 24

extrinsic goals may be HARDER TO ACHIEVE leading to more frustration and stress (but the data suggests that even when people do achieve extrinsic goals, they're still less fulfilled)

Answer 25

extrinsic goals lead to CONTROLLED, EGO-DRIVEN behaviour a) focusing on external rewards often leads to PRESSURED, EGO-INVOLVING behaviours - rather than authentic, self-fulfilling experiences b) people who pursued extrinsic goals reported spending more time on DISTRACTING ACTIVITIES like smoking or watching TV c) those focused on intrinsic goals were more likely to engage in MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES, like helping friends or reflecting on the future

Answer 26

focus on extrinsic goals may reflect COMPENSATION FOR UNMET EMOTIONAL NEEDS studies found that young adults who placed high importance on financial success often had less nurturing, more controlling parents

Answer 27

practice in which parents, educators, relationship partners etc make their AFFECTION, ESTEEM, ATTENTION & ACCEPTANCE contingent on an individual's compliance with their expectations and values acceptance used as a COMMODITY in attempt to motivate others/to control their behaviour UNDERMINES AUTONOMY

Answer 28

offering more warmth/approval when someone complies with expectations

Answer 29

withdrawing warmth/approval when someone doesn't meet expectations

Answer 30

autonomy and relatedness needs

Answer 31

creates EXTERNAL PRESSURE, forcing people to act to gain approval rather than acting freely can lead to doing things that go against personal interests

Answer 32

1. BLOCK DEVELOPMENT OF AUTHENTIC INNER COMPASS 2. promotes introjected values

Answer 33

although both conditional positive and conditional negative regard are harmful conditional negative regard tends to cause STRONGER FRUSTRATION and EMOTIONAL STRAIN compared to conditional positive regard

Answer 34

the need for relatedness... 1. affection is UNCERTAIN and CAN DISAPPEAR if expectations aren't met 2. this leads to RESENTMENT and HIDDEN AMBIVALENCE, which undermine authentic connection

Answer 35

a stronger NEGATIVE IMPACT CNR leads to LOW WARMTH and NO HOPE FOR DEEPER CONNECTION creates fear of abandonment

Answer 36

lower relatedness satisfaction

Answer 37

BEHAVIOURAL COMPLIANCE ie. college students of parents who use CPR are more likely to meet expectations in areas like athletics and academics ie. students whose teachers use CPR are more engaged in classwork however, conditional regard produces INTROJECTED INTERNALIZATION rather than full internalization, and leads to CONTROLLED BEHAVIOUR and a sense of PRESSURE

Answer 38

avoidance people comply to avoid losing approval or experiencing rejection

Answer 39

approach people comply to gain approval and validation

Answer 40

amotivation - people stop trying altogether because the COST OF FAILURE feels too HIGH fosters resent and hopelessness

Answer 41

intense internal pressure to succeed creates a cycle of stress and self-worth tied to achievement success brings a temporary boost, but failure can lead to self-doubt

Answer 42

1. feelings of guilt/shame after failure 2. extreme fluctuations in self-esteem 3. short-lived satisfaction following success

Answer 43

1. lower agentic engagement 2. focus on grades rather than mastery of material and interest-focused engagement 3. strong negative reactions & combativeness in response to negative feedback 4. academic over0striving (investing a lot of time studying what's already known) 5. academic dishonesty

Answer 44

personality trait that involves combo of: 1. excessively high personal standards 2. overly critical self-evaluation

Answer 45

characterized by: 1. HARSH SELF SCRUTINY 2. overly critical self evaluation 3. concern about social criticism 4. inability to derive satisfaction from success

Answer 46

anxiety and depression prospectively predicts increases in depressive symptoms (may be a causal factor)

Answer 47

type of narcissism focused on PROJECTING IMAGE OF PERFECTION to others linked to grandiosity, entitlement, extremely high expectations of other people

Answer 48

proneness to ANGER and HOSTILITY interpersonal CONFLICT

Answer 49

parental conditional regard in adolescents

Answer 50

ongoing, developmental process in which individuals FULLY REALIZE and express their TRUE POTENTIAL in line with their true and authentic self

Answer 51

1. personal growth 2. integration of the self 3. autonomous self-regulation 4. pursuit of intrinsic, meaningful goals

Answer 52

1. the lower the need is in the hierarchy, the STRONGER and MORE URGENTLY it is FELT 2. the lower the need is in the hierarchy, the SOONER it appears in DEVELOPMENT 3. needs in the hierarchy are FULFILLED SEQUENTIALLY from lowest to highest

Answer 53

goes from survival needs (bottom) to growth needs (top) from bottom to top... 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL needs 2. SAFETY and SECURITY needs 3. LOVE and BELONGINGNESS needs 4. ESTEEM needs 5. SELF-ACTUALIZATION needs

Answer 54

1-4 are deficiency motivation needs 5 (self-actualization) is a growth motivation need

Answer 55

it has BROAD APPEAL - intuitive, used to advocate for positive change in spheres like education and work butttt there are criticisms

Answer 56

LACKS EMPIRICAL SUPPORT order of needs may not be as fixed as Maslow suggested different people and cultures prioritize needs differently no consistent evidence supporting the developmental order of needs Maslow predicted

Answer 57

(deficiency needs vs growth needs) some support BUT self-actualization is always possible, even in adverse conditions